414 CLASS VIII. 
lined with the web. Most species drag the case with them, but 
others fasten it to stones and creep in and out. These cases protect 
the larve from the persecution of fishes, which are very fond of 
them ; in England, where fishing with the line is brought to a much 
sreater state of perfection than perhaps anywhere else, these larvee 
are much used for bait. The larve feed on vegetable as well as 
animal substances. Most of them have white threads at the abdo- 
men, external respiratory organs, gills (see above pp. 262, 263). 
The larve, when about to change into pupa, fix these cases firmly 
and close the openings with crossing threads, that thus form a latticed 
cover. The pup, at first immoveable, quit this dwelling when 
about to change into perfect insects ; it swells and bursts in order 
to allow the perfect insect an exit. This last is generally brown- 
coloured, and resembles a nocturnal butterfly. On an evening, at 
country-houses, it is frequently allured by the light into apartments, 
and flies round the lamp or candle until, its wings half-consumed, it 
falls down with violence on the table. The eggs are joined together to 
form a gelatinous mass, and are deposited by the female on leaves of 
branches which hang over the water, so that the young larve on 
creeping out may easily fall into their natural abode, if the leaf by 
falling previously has not already reached the water. 
See on the economy of these Insects especially Reaumur, Mém. Tom. 1. 
pp- 497581, and, on the arrangement, besides RAMBUR and WESTWOOD, 
also especially BuRMEISTER, Handb. der Entomol. 11. 2, 1839, pp. 882—935. 
Phryganea L. (exclusive of the Perle GEOFFR.) 
A. Antenne filiform or pectinate. 
Hydroptila DaAuman. Maxillary palps with five joints. Wings 
narrow ; posterior not plicate. 
Sub-genus : Varycia STEPHENS. With antenne pectinate. 
B. Antenne setaceous. 
+ Maxillary palps with five joints. 
Chimarra Lracu. Posterior wings not plicate. 
Mystacida Larr. Leptocerus Lracu. Posterior wings plicate. 
Maxillary palps long, pilose. Antenne very long. 
Sp. Phryganea nigra L., DE GEER, It. Pl. 15, figs. 21—23, &e. 
Add sub-genera Odontocerus LHAcH, Setodes RAMBUR, &c. 
Hydropsche Picrsrt. 
