4 
8 
1 
CLASS VIII. 
SERVILLE, Owvrage accompagné de Planches, Paris, 1843, 8vo (a part 
of the Swites @ Burron by Rorer). 
As illustrated works: C. Sronn, Cicaden en Wantsen, Amsterdam, 
1788, 4to (two parts with Dutch and French text) ; J. R. ScueLen- 
BERG, Cimicum in Helvetice aquis et terris degentium genus, Turici, 
1800, 8vo (with 14 coloured plates); J. F. Wourr, Abbildungen der 
Wanzen, v. Hefte, Erlangen, 1800—1811, 4to; C. W. Hann, Die 
wanzenartige Insecten, getrew nach der Natur abgebildet und be- 
schrieben, Niirnberg, 1831, and subsequently, since 1836 continued 
by Herricu-Sco ®FFER. 
Léon Durour treated of the anatomy of these insects in a 
monograph, entitled Lecherches anatomiques et physiol. sur les 
Hemiptcres, Paris, 1833, 4to av. 19 pl. 
The Hemiptera are commonly provided with four wings, of which 
the anterior are leathery at the base, thick, and not transparent, and 
at the point membranous (hemelytra), or are membranous like the 
posterior wings, but often stronger and larger than these. The mouth 
consists of a sucker composed of threads and a case. The case is tubu- 
lar, grooved above, and consists of joimts; it corresponds to the un- 
der-lip of other insects. The small upper-lip becoming thinner for- 
wards, covers the base of the sucker. In the groove formed above by 
the turnover margins of the under-lip, there lie in appearance three 
setee, but the middle one is double (the two under jaws (mazille) 
and the two lateral threads are the upper jaws’). The maxillary 
palps are entirely absent ; so also are the labial palps, or these last 
are only in quite a rudimentary state*, Thus the beak of the 
hymenoptera is constructed for sucking. The fine threads (sete 
haustelli, mandibule, maxille) make a wound in the parts of plants 
or animals, on the fluid or blood of which they feed, the fluid 
ascending between the threads to the cesophagus above. 
The antennz have commonly only four or five joints, extremely 
seldom more than eleven. Many species have two or three simple 
eyes. There are never more, but often fewer, than three joints in 
G. R. TREVIRANUS was the first who distinguished the four threads in Cimex 
rufipes (Annalen der Wetterawischen Gesellschaft, 1 Bd. 2 Heft, 1809. s. 171). 
Savicny has shewn the analogy with the oral organs of other insects, and figured 
the four filaments in Cimex nigricornis, and in a Nepa, Mém. s. 1. ant. 8. vert. 1. 
1816. Pl. tv. 
2 
SAVIGNY, 1. cit. Pl. 1v. fig. 30, p. 37. 
