450 
CLASS VIII. 
clustered salivary glands'. There are ten pairs of stigmata, two on 
the thorax and eight on the abdomen; the air-tubes are largely 
developed. In the species of the genus Acridiwm, which take such 
long flights, there are vesicular expansions in the abdomen in which 
the spiral thread is wanting. The nervous system consists of eight 
to ten ganglia, and the nervous cord in the abdomen is often some- 
what bent or tortuous. . 
Comp. on this order O. Stony, Natwurklijke afbeeldingen en beschryvingen 
der Spoken, wandelende Bladen, Zabelspringhanen enz. Avasterdam 1787, en 
very. 2 Deelen 4to. 
AUDINET SERVILLE, Hist. nat. des Insectes. Orthoptéres. Paris. 1839, av. 
Pl. 8vo. (a part of the Suctes @ Burron, edited by Roret.) 
For the anatomical peculiarities of this order, comp. Lion Durour, Rech. 
anatom. e physiol. sur les Orthoptéres, les Hymenoptéres, et les Newroptéres. 
Mém. présentés, Vit. 
Besides the general works of BURMEISTER and WESTWOOD, comp. also 
BRULLE, in the work undertaken by him with AuDOULN, but not completed, 
Hist. nat. des Insectes, Paris, 1835. 8vo. Tom. 1x. pp. 1—320, W. Dr 
Haan, Bijdragen tot de kennis der Orthoptera in the Verhandelingen over 
de Natuurl. Geschied. der Nederl. overzeesche bezittingen, Leiden, 1839— 
1844, folio. Zoologie, Insecta, bl. 45—248, and L. H. Fiscuer, Orthoptera 
ewropea. Accedunt tabule lapidi incise 18. Lipsiz, 1854. 4to. 
Section I. Saltatoria. Posterior feet saltatory, with large 
thick thighs and tibie, armed on the posterior margin with a 
double row of spies. (The tibie are received in a furrow on the 
inferior surface of thighs, when folded forwards previous to leaping). 
produce the sound. 
The insects of this division present, more strongly than those of 
the following, the typus of the order. 
The production of a sound or song is peculiar to species only of 
this division®. As in the Cicada, so here it is only the males that 
Amongst the numerous writers on this subject, it may suffice to refer to 
the work of GOREAU, illustrated by many figures; Zssai sur la stridulation 
des Insectes, Annal. de la Soc. Entomol, de France, v1. 1837, pp. 32—75. 
1 Léon Durour informs us, incorrectly, that the salivary glands in the Orthoptera 
were unnoticed until by himself, Mém. prés. vu. p. 297. But long previously, G. R. 
TREVIRANUS had observed these parts in Blatta (Biologie, Iv. s. 323, 324), whose 
opinion, that they occur in this genus of the order alone, was abundantly refuted by 
J. F. MrcKeEt, who found them also in Mantis, Phasma, Acheta and Locusta, though 
less developed than in Blatta, System der vergleich. Anat. Iv. s. 118, 119. 
2 Hence to the Orthoptera of this first division the name of Stridulantia might be 
given, to the second that of Muta. 
