480 CLASS VIII. 
between the mandibles. Maxille with only one lobe or with two, 
internal very small; mandibles strong, especially in males. Thorax 
not separated from head by constriction anteriorly. 
A. Antenne longer than head and thorax together. 
Prionus Guorrr. Fase. Body depressed. Thorax with sides 
acute, often dentate or spinose. Antenne in some pectinate or 
serrate, in others simple, attenuated towards the extremity. Man- 
dibles of males sometimes exsert, long. 
Sp. Prionus coriarius Fasr., Cerambyx coriarius L., Raset Ins. u, Scarab. 
terr. Cl. u. Tab. 1. figs. 1, 2, Tab. 1, Panzer Deutschl. Ins. Heft 3, Tab. 
9; in Germany and other parts of Europe. 
To this genus belong some gigantic exotic species, e.g. Prionus cervicornis, 
Cerambyx cervicornis L., Ra@sEL Ins. 11, Scar. terr, Cl. 11, Tab. 1, fig. B ; 
Vort. Coleopt. 11, Tab. u, figs. 4, 5; Cuv. R. Ani. éd. ill., Ins. Pl. 64, 
fig. 3, from South America. Prionus Hayesii Downes, Horr Transac. of 
the Zool. Soc. 1, Pl. 16, from the west coast of Africa near the Equator. 
Some species, with short narrowed elytra, which occur in South America, 
form the genus Anacolus of LATREILLE ; other species, also from South 
America, have besides no wings (Prionapterus GUERIN). 
B. Antenne short (of the length of thorax). Head of the same breadth as 
thorax. Thorax unarmed. 
Spondylis Fasr. Ligula membranous, cordate. ‘Thorax glo- 
bose. Body convex. 
Sp. Spondylis buprestoides Fanr., Attelabus buprestoides L., DuM&RIL Cons. 
gén. 8. l. Ins. Pl. 17, fig. 6; RatzEsure Forst-Ins. 1. Tab. Xvit. fig. 12. 
Parandra Later. Ligula horny, lunate, transverse. Third joint 
of tarsus scarcely bifid, last longer than the rest taken together. 
Sp. Sparanda brevis Latr., Gen. Crustac. et Ins. Tab. 9, fig. 7 ;—Parandra 
glabra GYLLENH., Attelabus glaber DE GuER Jns. Iv. Tab. 19, figs. 14—16, 
Scarites testaceus FaBr. The fourth joint of the tarsus is here more appa- 
rent than in the other Pseudotetramera, so that some count this genus 
amongst the Pentamera. 
The habitus of these insects resembles that of Lucanus. LATREILLE 
first placed this genus in the neighbourhood of Cucujus (Hist. nat. des 
Crust. et des Ins. Tom. XI. p. 252) and from later writers also it received 
the same place; the affinity however with Spondylis seems to assign to 
Parandra a place amongst the Prionide. 
Family L. Scolytaria (Scolytide Werstw., Xylophagi Later. 
in part). Third joint of tarsus in some bilobed, in others entire. 
