508 CLASS VIII. 
Add genera Ceratognathus Westw. (and Mitophyllus Parry), 
Ceruchus Mac L., (Lucan. tenebroides Fasr., species of Platycerus 
Latr.) 
B. Ligula horny. Antenne pubescent, arcuate. Thorax quadrate, sepa- 
rated by stricture from abdomen. Scutellum in the peduncle of abdomen, 
beyond the base of elytra. 
Passalus Fasr. (species of Lucanus L.). Labrum transverse, 
emarginate, ciliated. Mandibles broad, armed with thick teeth. 
Maxille horny, slender, with external lacinia incurved, acuminate, 
internal shorter, bidentate. Body depressed, mostly oblong. Feet 
short. 
P. Escuscuonrz Diss. de Ooleopterorum genere Passalus, Now. Mém. de 
la Soc. imp. de Moscou, 1. pp. 13—23, Ann. des Se. nat. XXI1. pp. 332— 
336; PercHERON Monographie des Passales, Paris, 1835, 8vo. av. 7 pl. 
and his supplements to this in GuERIN Magasin de Zool. 1841 and 1842. 
Sp. Passalus interruptus Fasr., Lucanus interruptus L., Vort Coléopt. 
1. Tab. 29, fig. 1, S. America ;—Pass. pentaphyllus GUERIN Iconogr., Ins. 
Pl. 27, fig. 7, &c. To this genus belong very many species, nearly all 
agreeing in form, and coloured brown or black; they are in great part 
found in S. America and the islands of the Indian Archipelago and South 
Sea; in Europe and North Africa none of them are found. The larva has 
much resemblance to that of Lucanus, but the last pair of feet is replaced 
by two small conical tubercles, as was first remarked by PERCHERON. 
BURMEISTER gave a more complete description of the larva and the pupa in 
his excellent Handbuch d. Entomol. V. 8. 454, 459. 
Note.—To this family of insects genus Zrictenotoma GRAY was 
formerly referred by English authors. Now, however, it is more 
correctly referred to the Longicornia by Dupont and also by WEst- 
woop, where it is to be placed after genus Prionus (above, p. 480) 
as an anomalous genus. By the number of joints of the tarsi it 
belongs to the Heteromera. Antenne longer than head and thorax, 
eleven-jointed, with first joint elongate, three last incrassate, forming 
internally a sub-serrate club. 
Sp. Trictenotoma Childrenti Gray, Dupont, GuéRIN Magas. de Zool. 1832, 
Ins. Pl. 32, from Java. Werstwoop has lately added two other species 
from the East Indies, Cabinet of oriental Entomol. 1848, Pl. 23. 
Phalanx II. Scarabeidea or Petalocera. Club of antenne 
lamellate or tunicate. 
These insects form with Linnaus the genus Scarabewus. They 
compose one of the most numerous divisions of the Coleoptera, 
