INSECTA. 509 
which amongst the Pentamera’ is surpassed by the Curabici alone. 
Many large species belong to it, which are armed with knobs, 
horns and other excrescences on the head or thorax. As the horns 
amongst the ruminant mammals are often appropriated to the male 
individuals, so here also these excrescences are mostly wanting in the 
females, or much less developed. These insects live for the most part 
on plants, some on decaying parts of vegetables or on animal dung. 
The larve live long; some change into nymphs only after three or 
four years. The intestinal canal of the perfect insect is commonly 
very long, and the stomach forms the chief part of it, (see above, 
p. 253). The vessels for secreting urine are long, four in number, 
and so much convoluted round the intestinal canal that their termi- 
nation is found with difficulty. In the larve the stomach is short, 
wide, and surrounded by three rings of blind appendages, which 
however are wanting in the larve of Aphodius, (Dr Haan Now. 
Ann. du Mus. tv. pl. 18, fig. 4). The small intestine is very short, 
and the large extensive and wide, filling the whole space of the body 
behind. The air-tubes of the perfect insect form, especially in the 
abdomen, many larger or smaller vesicular expansions, by which 
these animals, notwithstanding their size, are often very light, which 
increases their capacity for flying. 
Compare on the division of this group Mac Lray Hore entomologice 
and Burmeister Handb. der Entomol. 111. pp. 93—117. 
A. Melitophila. Abdomen longer than head and thorax, with 
last segment (pygidiwm) produced beyond the truncated elytra. 
Ligula connate with mentum. Mandibles membranous internally. 
Antenne ten-jointed, with club three-leafed. 
Comp. H. Gory and A. PurcHEron Monographie des Cétoines et genres 
voisins, Paris, 1833, 8vo. (with 77 col. pl.), and H. R. Scuaum Analecta 
entomologica. Cum tab, nea. Halis Saxonum, 1841, 8vo. pp. 32—49. 
Cetonia Fasr. Elytra on the outer margin sinuate or excised. 
A little triangular part on each side of thorax before elytra (epime- 
ron of mesothorax eminent, conspicuous). Mesosternum termi- 
nating anteriorly in a process between the base of middle feet. 
Scutellum distinct, mostly conspicuous, large, triangular, in some 
covered by a lobe of thorax. 
1 In the third edition of the Catalogue des Coléopteres de la Collection de M. le 
Cte. DEJEAN are enumerated nearly 2300 species. 
