516 CLASS VIII. 
Cyclocephala Latr. Mandibles not crenate exteriorly. Body 
oval, LElytra not dilated. Anterior tarsi m males mostly incras- 
sated. 
Species exotic, most from South America. Fasricius placed those known to 
him amongst the Melolonthe. Sp. Cycloc. melanocephala, Mel. melano- 
cephala Faxsr., Vort Coleopt. 1. Tab. 9, fig. 80; Cycl. wndata, Mel. 
spilophthalma HERBST, VoET Coleopt. 1. Tab. 10, fig. gt. 
Note.—Add genus Chapelus Mac L. and some other sub-genera described 
by Burmeister Handb. d. Entom. v. pp. 18—86. 
++ Clypeus narrow, often acute ; mandibles at the sides of clypeus not 
covered, with external margin often crenate. 
Scarabeus LAaTR. (with the addit. of genera Phileurus ejusd. 
and Oryctes ILLIG.), Geotrupes F ABR. 
a) Head not different in the sexes, never horned but either smooth or 
armed with one or two tubercles, gibbous. Thorax in males often tuberculate 
or horned. 
Strategus Kirpy. 
Sp. Scar. Aleus L., Vout Coleopt. 1. Tab. xviii. fig. 122, Tab. XIX. fig. 128 ; 
habitat South America. 
b) Head different in the sexes, of male tuberculate or horned, of female 
obsoletely tuberculate or entirely unarmed. 
Sub-genera: Philewrus Latr., Agaocephala MAnNneru., Oryctes 
Iuuic., Scarabeus Latr. 
Note.—This section of the Scarabe@i is indeed numerous, but the genera 
of modern writers, most of them artificial, scarcely seem to throw any light 
on the distinction of species and the natural arrangement. Oryctes indeed 
is distinguished by defect of teeth in the maxilla, but there are species 
similar in habit with denticulate maxillz, which cannot be separated from 
the Oryctide (genera Stypotrupes Burm., Xyloryctes Horr). Character 
non facit genus. 
Sp. Scarabeus nasicornis L., SWAMMERDAM Bibl. Nat. Tab. xxvit., Rasen 
Ins. 1. Scar. terr, Cl. 1. Tab. vI.—1x., Panzer Deutschl. Ins. Heft 28, 
Tab. 2; the Rhinoceros-beetle; found especially under bark in hot-beds. 
Scarab. Hercules L., Vort Coleopt. 1. Tab. x11. fig. 98, Rasen Jns. 11, 
Scar. terr. Pref. Cl. 1. Tab. A. 1. Tom. Iv. Tab. v. fig. 3, from the West 
Indies, &c. These large beetles live on the sap that flows from wounded 
trees or roots ; for that purpose they wound the bark with their horn, as 
the Zucani do with their jaws. 
E. Arenicole (Trogide Mac L., WeEsrwoop, and Geotrupes 
eorund.). Elytra covering the abdomen completely. Abdominal 
