INSECTA. ore 
stigmata situated in the membrane between the ventral and dorsal 
segments, all covered by the elytra. Ligula not distinct from 
mentum. Labrum horny, mostly exsert beyond clypeus. Mandi- 
bles horny. Antenne with ten or eleven joints, club always 
trifoliate. 
A. Ventral segments of abdomen five. 
Trox Far. Ligula covered by mentum. Antenne with ten 
joints. Head small, nutant. Thorax transverse, with anterior 
angles produced. Llytra hard, posteriorly involute, inflected, 
rugose, orten muricate in longitudinal rows. 
Sp. Trox arenarius Fasr., Silpha scabra L., Panzer Deutschl. Ins. Heft 975 
Tab. 1 ;—Trox sabulosus L., Scarab. sabulosus L., Sturm Fauna, Ins. 11. 
Tab. 38. These insects rarely fly. There are species that have no wings, 
as Trox horridus F., from the Cape of Good Hope; they form the sub- 
genus Phoberus Mac L, 
B. Ventral segments of abdomen six. 
Hybosorus Mac Lu, Ventral segments of abdomen ‘connate, ex- 
cept the last free. Antenne ten-jointed. 
Sub-genera: Pheochrous Lap. (Atimus D¥3.), Chetodus West- 
woop, &e. 
Orphnus Mac L, 
Geotrupes LATR. Ventral segments of abdomen free. Antenne 
with eleven joints, club perfoliate. Eyes divided by the margin of 
head. Mandibles horny, armed at the apex. Ligula bilobed, with 
lacinize exsert beyond mentum. Body oval. Feet strong, with 
tibiee spinose. 
Sp. Geotrupes Typheus, Scarab. Typheus L., FaBr., Vor Coleopt. 1. Tab. XIX. 
figs. 124, 125, Panzer Deutschl. Ins. Heft 2, Tab. 23; black, the male 
with three horns on the thorax directed forwards.—Geotr. stercorarius, 
L., Fasr., Panzer Deutschl. Ins. Heft 49, Tab. 1, SrurM Fauna, Ins. t. 
Tab, vi. fig. a.—Geotr. vernalis, Scar. vernalis, &c. 
Sub-genera: Bulboceras Krrpy, Odonteus Mercere and some 
others of modern to be inserted here. 
Lethrus Scopou, Fasr. Ventral segments of abdomen free. 
Antenne with eleven joints, club obliquely truncated, tunicate, 
