518 CLASS VIII. 
with ninth joint including the two following. Eyes bipartite by 
the margin of head. Mandibles horny, large, exsert, ending exter- 
nally in a tooth incurved, obtuse, with internal side serrate towards 
the base. Thorax very broad. Body ovate, short. Elytra con- 
nate; only short rudiments of wings. Posterior feet remote. 
Sp. Lethrus cephalotes FaBr., Panzer Deutschl. Ins. Heft 28, Tab. 1, 
Dumérit Cons. gén. s. l. Ins. Pl. 7, fig. 1; habit. in Austria and south of 
Russia. 
F. Coprophaga (Aphodiide Mac L., Westw., and Scarabeide 
eorund., Coprides Leacu, Ericus.). Abdominal stigmata situated 
in the membrane between ventral and dorsal segments, all covered 
by elytra. Elytra entirely covering abdomen in some, truncated in 
others, not concealing the posterior part of pygidium.  Ligula 
separate from mentum. Labrum membranous, covered. Mandibles 
membranous, ciliated. Antenne with eight or nine joints, club 
always trifoliate. 
Copris Guorrr. Antenne with eight or nine joints. Ventral 
segments of abdomen connate, Posterior tibize with single spur. 
Scutellum mostly indistinct or very small. Intermediate feet more 
remote from each other at their insertion than the rest, sometimes 
very distant. 
Note.—Many species are without anterior tarsi; in some there is a 
sexual difference, so that this defect is peculiar to males. Compare 
Bruuué Ann. des Sc. nat. sec. Série, Tom. vu. 1837, Zoolog. pp. 246— 
249. They form balls from dung, roll them yery diligently, and having 
inclosed an egg in each, hide them underground. 
Ateuchus Werper, Fasr., Scarabeus Mac L. Posterior feet 
elongate, with tibiz slender, tarsi filiform ; last joint of tarsi longer 
than rest. Head not horned, with broad margin and clypeus often 
both dentate. Eyes partly divided by exsert margin of head or 
entirely bipartite. 
Sp. Copris sacer, Scarab. sacer L., DuméR. Cons. gén. s. 1. Ins. Pl. 4, fig. 4; 
this species is found in southern Europe and in the north of Africa ; it may 
with the Ateuchus digyptiorum LatTr., GUERIN Iconogr., Ins. Pl. 21, fig. 1, 
be taken for the sacred beetle which the Egyptians figured on their monu- 
ments, and imitated in different kinds of stones as ornaments for the dead 
and amulets ; this beetle was by others taken for an emblem of the world 
on account of the ball which it rolls (... mAdoocer spapoedés mapamNy- 
cLov TP Kooww ox7jua, Horapown. Hierogl. 1. 10). 
