BS 
MOLLUSCA. 815 
+ Aperture turned upwards, dentate on each side. 
Anostoma Fiscurr, LAm. 
Sp. Helix ringens L., D’ARrGENV. Conchyl. Pl. 28, figs. 13, 14, BLarnv. 
Malac. Pl. 39, fig. 4; habit. in E. Indies}. 
++ Aperture inclined downwards, shell at the periphery carinate or sub- 
carinate, mostly depressed. Labrum often reflected, sometimes dentate. 
Carocolla Lam. 
Sp. Helix Lapicida L., PFEIFFER Schn. 1. Tab. 11. fig. 26 ;—Helix Carocolla 
L., D’ArGENvV. Conch. Tab. 8, fig. D, Gu&RIN Jconogr., Moll. Pl. 6, fig. 1; 
from the E. Indies, &c. 
t+ + Aperture inclined downwards. Shell rounded at the margin, most 
Frequently subglobose. 
Helix Lam. 
Sp. Heliw Pomatia L., Sturm Deutschl. Fauna, vi. Heft 1, PFEIFFER Schn. 
1. Tab. 11. fig. 9, Cuv. R. Ani., éd. ill., Moll. Pl. 21. The Vineyard-Snail, le 
grand Escargot. The name Pomatia, from Iléua, cover (cochlea opercularis), 
was given to this animal on account of the closure of the aperture of the 
shell in winter that occurs in this and other species. In autumn the animal 
retracts itself within the shell, and then a false operculum (epiphragma) is 
secreted, which is pushed off in spring when the snail again creeps out of 
its house. During the winter these snails in our temperate climate take no 
food, but lie asleep; in like manner, in tropical regions the species of this 
genus in the dry months fall into a state of insensibility. 
For the anatomical particulars we refer to SWAMMERDAM Bibel der Nat. 
I. pp. 97—147; Cuvier Ann. du Mus. vit. 1806, pp. 140—184, Mollusq., 
Mém. No. 11; and WounutcH Diss. anat. de Helice pomatia cum tab. en. 
Wirceburgi, 1813, 4to. In all the species of Helix there is found in the 
neighbourhood of the sexual organs a thick-walled pear-shaped purse, in 
which a dart-shaped calcareous stile is contained; this organ is annually 
renewed, just like the cover of the mouth of the shell. 
Helix adspersa Muru., Sturm Deutschl. Fauna, vi. Heft vi. Tab. 4; 
this species nearly attains the size of the preceding;—Helix nemoralis L., 
Sturm 1. 1. Heft 2, &c. On this and other native species, the figures of 
PFEIFFER and STURM may be compared. This genus is also remarkably 
numerous in exotic species. 
Succinea Drap. Animal larger than shell, not entirely covered 
by it, with four tentacles short, especially the inferior. Shell ovate, 
with spire short; aperture ample, longitudinal, with labrum acute, 
columella short. 
1 Some fossil shells from the tertiary formations are known, which also have an 
aperture turned upwards; but this is round and not toothed. They form the genus 
Strophostoma DESHAYES, and might be brought to Cyclostoma (p. 801). See DESHAYES 
Mém. sur le Strophostome, Ann. des Sc. nat. XIII. 1826, pp. 282—287. 
