CILIATA 137 



I. CiLIATA 



Infusoria, u-ith a mouth, and cilia by ivhich they move and 

 feed; usually with undulating membranes, memhranellae, cirrhi, 

 or some of these. Genera about 144 : 27 exclusively marine, 50 

 common to both sea and fresh water, 27 parasitic on or in ]\Ieta- 

 zoa, the rest fresh water. Species about 500. 

 We divide the Ciliata thus : ^ — 



(I.) Moutli habitually closed, opening by retraction of its circular or slit- 

 like margin ; cilia uniform . Order 1. Gyjinostomaceae. 

 Lacrymaria, Elirb. ; Loxodes, Ehrb. ; Loxophyllum, Duj. ; Lionotus, 

 Wrez. ; Trachelius, Schrank ; A7nphileptus, Ehrb. ; Actinoholu.% St. ; 

 IHdiniuvi, St. ; Scaphiodon, St. ; Dysteria, Huxl. ; Coleps, Nitzscli. ; 

 Dileptus, Duj. ; Ileonema, Stokes ; Mesodmium, St. 

 (II.) Mouth permanently open, usually equipped with one or more undu- 

 lating membranes, receiving food by ciliary action (Tricho- 

 STOJiATA, Biitschli) 

 (a) Cilia nearly uniform, usually extending over the whole body, 

 without any special adoral wreath of long cilia or membra- 

 nellae ; mouth witli one or two undulating membranes at its 

 margin or extending into the short pharynx. 



Order 2. Aspirotrichaceae. 

 Paramecium, Hill ; Colpnda, 0. F. ]\Iiill. ; Colp)idium, St. ; Leuco- 

 phrys, Ehrb.; Cyclidium, CI. and L. ; Lemhadion, Perty ; 

 Cinetochilum, Perty; Pleuronema, Duj.; Ancislruni, IMauj). ; 

 Glaucoma, Ehrb. ; XJronema, Duj. ; Lemhus, Cohn ; Urocentrum, 

 Nitzsch ; Icthyophtheirius, Fouquet. 

 (h) Strong cilia or membranellae forming an adoral wreath, and 

 bounding a more or less enclosed area, tlie " peristome," at 

 one point of which the mouth lies, 

 (i.) Body more or less equally covered with fine cilia ; adoral 

 wreath an open spiral Order 3. Heterotrichaceae 

 Spirostomuvi, Ehrb. ; Bursarin, O. F. IMull. ; Stentor, 

 Okcn; FoUiculma, hanili.; Co7ichophtheirus, 8t.; Balan- 

 tidium, CI. and L.; Nyctotherus, Loidy; Metopus, CI. and 

 L. ; Caenomorpha, Perty; Piscomorpha, Levander ; 

 Blepharisma, Perty. 

 (ii.) Body cilia limited in distribution or absent ; peristome 

 anterior, nearly circulai', sinistrorse. 



Order 4. Oligotrichaceae. 

 Halteria, Duj. ; Marijna, Gruber ; Tintinnus, Schrank ; 

 Dictyocystis, Ehrb.; Stromhidium, CI. and L. {=Tor- 

 quatella, Lank.l 

 (iii.) Peristome extending backwards along tlie ventral face, 

 which alone is provided with motile cirrlii, etc. ; dorsal 

 cilia fine, motionless. . Order 5. Hypotrichaceae. 



^ Orders 1 and 2 constitute together the Holotrkha of Stein ; Butschli regards 

 3 to 6 as sections of Spirotrocha. 



