702 AMPHIBIA—BUFONIDZ. 
* Maxillary teeth present in the upper jaw. a. 
* Maxillary teeth wanting. 5. 
a. Tips of toes undilated. co. 
a. Tips of toes dilated, forming disks. . : ; : ; . . HYLIDA, 
b. Parotoids present; toes palmate. : : : : ; : BUFONIDZ. 
b. Parotoids nene ; toes distinct. ‘ ; ‘ 3 3 ; ENGYSTOMIDZ. 
c. Parotoids present. F f - , f ‘ ALYTIDZ. 
c. Paroteids none. : 3 RANIDZ. 
Alytide, extralimital, characterized by a stout, toad like body; parotoids present ; 
upper maxillary and vomer dentigerous; tongue rounded, nearly entire, slightly, if at 
all, free behind ; ear perfect; pupil of eye vertical; toes undilated, palmate; sacral 
diapophyses dilated; vertebra pro- or opisthocelian; manubrium cartilaginous, and 
usually the cuneiform bone developed into a kind of shovel, an adaptation to their fos- 
sorialjhabits, has two Nerth America genera, Spea and Scaphiopus ; the latter, with three 
species, of which Scaphiopue holbrookii, Proc. Aead. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1863, p. 54, and 
DeKay’s Reptiles of N. Y., p. 66, ranges from Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, 
Maryland, to South Carolina, Florida, and Mississippi. It digs with celerity and soon 
buries itself, pairs and oviposits within a few hours after awaking in spring. 
Engystomide, extralimital, bas no maxillary teeth, no parotoid, no epicoracoid, but with 
a perfect ear, undilated distinct toes, and dilated sacral diapophyses, is represented 
in North America, by one apecies Engystoma carolinense, Holbrook, North American . 
Herp., v. p. 23, whieh ranges from Sonth Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, to Louisiana, 
and Mississippi. ‘‘ Mexico.” 
FAMILY BUFONIDA. THE TOADS. 
Posterior feet scarcely as long as the body ; fingers four; toes five, palmate and un- 
dilated ; skin usually warty; parotoids very large; ear perfectly developed; mouth 
edentulous; tongue large, fleshy, attached in front, entire and free behind, and capable 
of being used as an instrument of prehension; sacral diapophyses dilated ; acromion 
and coracoid connected by a cartilaginous arch ; cuneiform bone usually prolonged into 
a distinct plantar tubercle; terrestrial and nocturnal. 
Gznus BUFO. Laurenti. 
Body very rough and warty; head shert; crown flat, or with slight ridges; tongue 
elliptical; muzzle rounded or truncated; males generally with an internal vocal sac, 
which communicates with the mouth by two orifices; lateral cutaneous folds wanting ; 
paroteid with distinct pores. 
BuFo LENTIGINOSUS Shaw. 
American Toad. 
Rana terrestris, CATESBY. 
Rana musiea, LINNXZUS. 
Bufo lentiginosus, SHAW, GUNTHER, COPE. 
Bufo musicus, LATREILLE, DAUDIN, MERREM, GRAVENHORST. 
Telmatobius lentiginosus, LECONTE. 
Bufo americanus, HOLBROOK, DEKAY, STORER. 
