V18 
AMPHIBIA—SALAMANDRIDZ. 
crotchet; toes, four in front, five behind, never palmate; tongue fleshy, round or long, 
centrally attached, with lateral and anterior margins free; quadrato-jugal bone want- 
ing ; skin smooth, slimy, perforated with mucous pores, espeeially above the orbits and 
in the parotid region ; costal furrows strongly marked ; tail short, round to oval at the 
base, but compressed towards the extremity ; vertebra amphicelous ; parasphenoid not 
dentigerous ; orbitosphenoid and pro-otic separated by membranes; posterior margins 
of palatines bearing the teeth ; carpus, tarsus, and basi-hyal ossified in adults. 
Spots large, very different from the usual color. a. 
Spots none, minute, or nearly uniform with the ground color. 1. 
a. 
a. 
Plantar tubercles two. h. 
Plantar tubercles indistinct or none. b. 
b. Costal grooves 14; vomerire series of teeth two. f. 
b. Costal grooves 12. ¢. 
b. Costal grooves 11; vomerine series of teeth 3. ¢. 
b. Costal grooves 10; vomerine series of teeth 3; bike wecia Georgia, Louisiana, 
h. 
h. 
t. 
i. 
1. 
l, 
and Illinois. . A. TALPOIDEUM. 
Color black ; spots or panad large ; satiate series of teeth concave behind or 
6. 
straight. d. 
oc. Color plumbeous ; spots small ; median series of teeth convex behind ; extra- 
limital. . . A. CONSPERSUM. 
d. Back with transverse panda of gray. . : : : . A. OPACUM. 
d. Back without transverse bandsof gray. . . . . <A. PUNCTATUM. 
e. Vomerine series of teeth 3; canthus rostralis distinct; back with a gray 
line. : : . A. MACRODACTYLUM. 
e. Vomerine series of SeaKh two; canthus rostralis none; no gray dorsal line; 
extralimital. A. TENEBROSUM. 
f. Canthus rostralis wanting. g. : 
f. Canthus rostralis distinctly marked ; extralimital. . . A, TEXANUM. 
g. Back ané tail with gray rings or bands ; extralimital, South Carolina. 
A. CINGULATUM. 
g. Back plumbeous; sidesspotted. . . «. . A. MICROSTOMUM, 
Costal grooves twelve, é. 
Costal grooves eleven ; vomerine series of teeth three ; extralimital, New Jersey. 
A. BICOLOR. 
Tail shorter than body ; canthus rostralis wanting. j. 
Tail longer than body ; canthus rostralis distinct. . . . . . A. XIPATAS. 
j. Vomerine teeth in a nearly continuous line. k. 
j. Vomerine teeth in four distinct patches ; extralimital ; New Mexico. 
A, TRISRUPTUM, 
k. Nares inequidistant; yellow spots usually small, . . A TIGRINUM. 
k. Nares equidistant; yellow spots large; extralimital, Dakota, Montana, 
California, Nebraska, New Mexico, and Mexico. . A. MAVORTIUM. 
Plantar tubercles indistinct or none, m, 
Plantar tubercles two, distinct ; extralimital,Iowa. . . . . A. OBSCURUM. 
m. Costal grooves twelve or more. 2. 
m. Costal grooves eleven ; extralimital, Vancouver’s Island and Washington 
Territory. ‘ - : E : . A, PAROTICUM, 
n. Vomerine series of teeth three, extending to exterior of nares. 
A, JEFFERSONIANUM., 
