LARGE SPOTTED OR VIOLET COLORED SALAMANDER. 1719 
nm. Vomerine series of teeth two, extending only to interior of nares; extra- 
limital, Northern Rocky Mountains. é - C A, ATERRIMUM. 
AMBLYSTOMA PUNCTATUM Linneeus, 
Large Spotied or Violet Colored Salamander. 
Amblysioma subviolaceum, TSCHUDI. 
Salamandra subviolacea, DEKAY, HOLBROOK, HARLAN, SCHLEGEL, KIRTLAND. 
Salamandra punctata, LACEPEDE, WAGLER. 
Salamandra venenosa, BARTON, DAUDIN. 
Lacerta subviolacea, BARTON. 
Lacerta punctata, LINNZZUS. 
Lacerta maculata, SHaw. 
Amblystoma punctatum, BAIRD, COPE, JORDON. 
Color black, at least above, sometimes slightly purplish, changing to brown in 
alcohol ; two sets of bright yellow spots arranged somewhat in rows on each side of 
the back ; legs also spotted, spots unequal and change to white in alcohol; tail oval, 
compressed at the end; body cylindrical; head large, depressed ; muzzle rounded, skin 
smooth, perforated with pores; two patches of these on each side of ths head, one reach- 
ing from nostril backwards, above and somewhat around the eye, the other in the 
parotid region ; cervical fold strong ; another fold present behind the eye, the two con- 
nected by a ridge; costai furrows eleven, strongly marked, sometimes with others leas 
marked ; furrows behind the leg in the anal region four, and others less prominent upon 
the tail; back with a longitudinal groove; tail indistinctly furrowed lengthwise upon 
the side ; eyes prominent ; uostrilssmall, distinct. Total length, 6 inches; length at loss 
of branchiz, 1 5-6 inches ; body 34 inches; head to gular fold, inch; diameter of head, 
£inch. 
Habitat, Nova Scotia, Canada, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Vir- 
ginia, South Carolina, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and 
Illinois. 
The Violet Colored Salamander is found under rocks and decaying 
matter in damp forests and sometimes in cellars. It appears to be noc- 
turnal, and like the rest of these animals is perfectly harmless. 
AMBLYSTOMA OPACUM Gravenhorst. 
The Opaque or Blotched Salamander. 
Salamandra opaca, GRAVENHORST. 
Salamandra gravenhorstii, LEUCKART. 
Salamandra fasciata, GRREN, HARLAN, HOLBROOK, STORER, WAGLER, DEKay. 
Amblystoma opaca, BAIRD, COPE, JORDAN. 
Color above light clay or ash, with transverse, dark brown or bluish bands, sometimes 
in blotches, and extending from head to tail; below, dark slate; head with a triangu- 
lar spot ; in alcohol the animal is a grayish ash, with transverse bands of dark brown 
or brownish black ; tail oval, with indistinct lateral furrows; body nearly cylindrical, 
thickest in the middle; head large, depressed; muzzle round; mucous pores of the skin 
numerous, about equally distribated, hence no special patches above the eye and in the 
