Ecokxjiad Botntu/.] SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 199 



Colohanthus muscoides, Ahrotanella rosulata, Phyllachne clavigera, Epilobium coii- 

 fertifolkim, Coprosma repens, Nertera depressn. Ranunculus acaulis, Montia fontana, 

 CaUitriche antarctica, Crassuln moschafn. (lencrally speaking, the leaves are more or 

 less xerophytic. Thus they are : — 



Coriaceous and thick {Pleurophi/llum speciosu>ii. Ranunculus pinguis, R. auck- 

 landicus, Phi/llachne clavigera, Bulbinella Rossii, Celmisia vernicosa. Gen- 

 liana cerina, and the species of Stilhocarpa, Aciphylla, and Plantago) ; 

 Tonientose or strongly hairy (the species of Pleurophi/llum, Mi/osofis capitnta, 

 31. alhiflora, Astelia linearis, A. suhulata, Helichrijswn hcUidioides, Senecio 

 (iii/ipoda, Acaena Sanguisorbae var. antarctica) ; 

 Stiff or rigid {Mttrsippospermuin, gracile, Rosikovia sphaerocarpa, AciphjiUa 

 latifolia, A. mifipoda, Poa litorosa, Dnnthonia antarctica, Oreobolus pcctin- 

 at'us, Colobanthus subidatus, Celmisia vernicosa) ; 

 Succulent or soft and flesliy {Crassida moschata, Mijosotis capifafa, M. idhida, 



Epilobium confertifolium, Cotula lanata) ; 

 Margins incurved, recurved, &c. {Poa litorosa, Oreobolus pectinalus, Dinillioiiia 



antarctica, Celmisia vernicosa). 

 Notwithstanding the above, the leaves of Pleiirop/n/lhuii speciosum, P. crini- 

 ferum, Bulbinella Rossii, the species of Stilbocarpa, and Poa foliosa must be con- 

 sidered mesophytic, while certain of the plants {e.g., Poa ramosissima, Epilobium 

 linnaeoidrs) have quite thin leaves. 



The stems of the herbaceous plants are not of special interest as a whole. A 

 considerable number have creej^ing stems, which may be slender (as in Coprosma 

 repens and Nertera depressa), or stout and succulent {Cotula lanata, C. plumosa, and 

 C. propinqua). Some are subterranean, and may be stout {Rumex neglectus), wiry 

 (the species of Astelia), slender and delicate {Ranunculus acaulis). The two species 

 of Stilbocarpa have massive, half-buried, far-spreading, and much-branched rhizomes. 

 The species of Pleurophi/llum have short but thick rootstocks. Ranunculus pinguis 

 has a branching, subterranean, rather slender rhizome. Celmisia vernicosa has creep- 

 ing woody stems, which turn u])wards at the apex, where the rosette is formed. 



*** Rodt 

 Tlie roots of the species of Pleurophj/llniii and Ac/pJi//lla and Bulbinella Rossii 

 are long, numer(jus, thick, and fleshy. Plantago carnosa., P. aucklandica. Ranun- 

 culus pinguis, and Cardamine glacialis var. subcarnosa have deeply descending long 

 roots. The cushion plants have frequently a deeply descending tap-root, but the 

 ultimate shoots also put forth short roots into the internal peat of the plant, the 

 tap-root functioning chiefly as an anchor, but sometimes the primary tufted stems 

 creeo on the ground and emit numerous long roots. 



(('.) FLOWERS. 

 Leaving out of consideration the non-endemic species, the remainder show a 

 much larger percentage of colours, other than white or yellow, than do the related 

 plants of New Zealand in general. The following are the colours of the endemic 

 species, omitting (rramineae, Cyperaceae, &c. : Pleurophyllum speciosum (disc dark 

 purple ; rays pale purple, whitish-purple) ; P. criniferum (disc brown or purplish- 



