40 
a pair of minute sete: is sometimes present on second abdominal seg- 
ment and on prothorax near dorsi-meson. Vasiform orifice practically 
as in pupa-case. . ; 
Pupa-case.—Length, 0.65 mm.; width, 0.36 mm., varying somewhat; 
regularly elliptical. Under hand-lens on leaf, small, yellowish, due to 
developing pupa within; more or less mottled with orange. Empty 
case, clear white. Very young pupa-case flat; after drying, may become 
concave. Older pup raised on vertical fringe of white waxen rods, 
the length of which varies with the age of the pupa. Mature 
pupa-case, somewhat convex above; inclosed pupa bright yellow, with 
the eyes brownish red. Margin of case crenulated, somewhat irregu- 
larly, by- shallow incisions between the wax tubes. No marginal 
fringe; a pair of small sete near caudo-lateral region. A narrow 
marginal rim may.be distinguished. Abdominal segments moderately 
distinct; those of thorax less so. Four pairs of brown sete may 
occur near dorsi-meson. These may be all long and equally developed, 
or any or all pairs may be reduced to mere traces. Usually the cau- 
dal pair is well developed; it is situated within the caudal margin and 
extends dorso-caudad some distance beyond case. The first pair, sit- 
uated on thorax, is usually reduced, or quite obliterated, as may be 
also, but less frequently, the second pair on the second abdominal seg- 
ment. The third pair is situated near the vasiform orifice, a seta on 
sach side, near its cephalic margin. This pair is not infrequently as 
well developed as caudal pair, but usually less so. There may be a 
submarginal row all around of rather closely set papillae, each bear- 
ing a white, waxen, curved rod. Circular pores may also occur in 
this row of papille, the two intergrading. Just mesad of this row of 
papilla, pores may occur irregularly, similar to those in the submar- 
ginal row, and from which also arise white, waxen, curved rods. Usu- 
ally these papille and pores are not discernible, or but faintly; those 
of the caudal and cephalic margins persist longest. When but dis- 
cernible, there are no rods. All gradations may occur from the entire 
absence of pores and papille to a complete set, bearing rods. 
Vasiform orifice large, ovate, broad end cephalad; a rounded inden- 
ture on caudal end. Orifice about four-fifths as wide as long. From 
the inside of the lateral and caudal margin distinct corrugations, or 
folds, extend downward and inward in the orifice cavity. Operculum 
somewhat semielliptical in outline, about two-fifths the length of 
orifice and about twice as wide at base as long. Lingula well devel- 
oped, about four-fifths as long as orifice; the basal part is about one- 
fifth of its length, with thickened, ‘centrally curving margins; the 
succeeding two-fifths is subrectangular in outline as seen from above; 
distal two-fifths enlarged, with three lobes on each side and a distal 
lobe; distal four-fifths, setose, thicker on distal portion; from distal 
end arises below a pair of well-developed upward curving sete, pro- 
