28 
pletely fused. The newly formed gall is also globular and but slightly 
larger than the original bud. They grow now rapidly, so that by 
about the middle of June the oldest or earliest formed galls are about 
half grown, have lost their beautiful rosy tint, and are now of the 
same pale, dingy green color of the buds. They are globular; the 
opening or mouth is closed and indicated by a fine whitish pubescense ; 
while the leaflets surrounding the petiole have dropped. The surface 
of the gall has become densely tuberculate and in addition is covered 
with a greenish-white pubescence, while the tubercles are covered with 
Fig. 13.—Hamamelistes spinosus: a, twig of witch-hazel with young galls, natural size; b, 
young gall—much magnified (original). 
the peculiar brown and branching papille which are noticed on the 
buds. They are fully grown by the end of June or early in July, and 
have acquired the characteristic shape. 
The mature galls (Fig. 14) vary more or less in shape and size. 
Their shape varies from globular to ellipsoidal and their size from 10 
to 30™™ in length by ‘10 to 12™™ in diameter. Their surface, when 
fully grown, is now covered with long and stout more or less curved 
spines or teeth, which frequently may attain a length of 8™™ or more, 
though as the galls grow older and become dry these spines become 
