32 
wing pads are now indicated by a rounded swelling each side of the 
pro- and mesothorax. The antenne are about twice as long as before, 
and reach, if laid backward, to the median coxe. Joint three is 
longest, the two last ones somewhat shorter and subequal in length; 
joints one, three, and four are cylindrical; the second, which is 
slightly the shortest, is stoutest at the apex; the fifth is curved and 
vapering; the last two bear the usual thumb. In other respects they 
are very much like before. 
Second generation, fourth or pupa stage.—In this stage they are 
still larger and stouter than before, and measure 2.4 to 2.6™™" in 
length and have now fully developed wing pads. They are reddish- 
brown to purplish-brown, the dise of the thorax more yellowish; eyes 
brown, the antenne, legs, and wing pads whitish, the external mar- 
gin of the latter blackish. The front of the head is now concave and 
the frontal tubercle minute. The antennz are again much longer 
than before, or almost twice as long, with the division between joints 
three and five almost obliterated. The eyes are large and well 
developed. 
Fig. 16.—Hamamelistes spinosus; Spring migrant—much enlarged (original). 
Second generation, migrant or fifth stage (Fig. 16).—Karly in 
July, or about a month and a half after hatching of the stem-mother, 
the earliest migrants are fully developed and commence leaving the 
galls and continue to issue till late in the fall. Having adjusted 
themselves, they start on their migratorial trip, during which they 
may frequently alight on the leaves of various plants, not alone for 
rest, but evidently for the purpose of determining the nature of the 
plant on which they may happen to be, though they will rarely deposit 
any larve until their unerring instinct finds the birches, the only 
plant suitable for the welfare of their progeny. Each of these 
migrants contains from thirty to forty or more larve, or only about 
one-seventh as many as the stem-mother. These migrants are rather 
larger than those of Hormaphis hamamelidis and measure between 
1.8 and 2.4""™ in length, with an expanse of the wings of 4 to 6™, 
They are stoutly built and of a dark, purplish-brown color; the head, 
eyes, antenne a dorso-lateral spot on the prothorax, thoracic lobes 
and sternal plate, black, and the legs dusky; apex of abdomen more 
