20 
that sex of the habit of flight, which means that the social-organiza- 
tion of the species is essentially different from that of the true ants, 
in which both sexes emerge into the open air for a marriage flight. 
MIGRATION OF COLONIES. 
In the transfer of a colony of keleps from one nest to another the 
workers take the initiative. After an excavation has been made 
eggs and larve are carried over. First attention is given to the eggs, 
the possession of which renders the new colony in a measure inde- 
pendent of the presence of a queen. Even before the new burrow is 
dug some of the workers load themselves with eggs and stand ready 
to carry them in. 
The ancient popular theory that the communities of the social 
insects are organized on a monarchical basis finds little support in the 
way of detailed facts. It has long been known that the nervous sys- 
tem of worker bees and ants is more highly developed than that of 
the sexual insects, and especially the parts which correspond to the 
brain of higher animals. Even in the most highly organized society 
of the termites the workers are the intelligent and efficient part of the 
community, the queen having no other function than the laying of 
the eggs from which the huge family is hatched. The termite 
“mother,” as the Africans more correctly call her, becomes enor- 
mously distended and completely unable to move. She is kept with 
her mate in a special chamber with very small entrances through 
which only the workers can pass, and even these openings are 
premptly sealed up with earth when the colony is attacked. Among 
the nomadic “driver ants” the mother of the colony does not lead 
the procession and never goes abroad in daylight. The natives of 
Liberia say, however, that in rare instances she is seen at night being 
hurried along by her numerous family. 
Among the honeybees, also, the workers, rather than the queen, 
take the initiative in matters of the internal management of the 
colony which lead up to swarming. Unlike the keleps, the bees do 
not carry eggs or larve with them, and are hence completely de- 
pendent upon the presence of the queen to insure the perpetuation of 
the new colony. 
QUEENS CARRIED BY WORKERS. 
If the kelep queen does not follow at once to the new nest a worker 
seizes her by the mandibles, raises her in the air, and carries her over 
bodily. This has been observed repeatedly in connection with the 
prompt transfers which many, of the imported colonies made from 
their cages into the ground. The queen submits to this treatment as 
though it were a regular occurrence, and remains quiet and rigid 
while being carried about. In one instance several workers also re- 
