22 
At the beginning of the experiment a number of eggs and larvie were on the 
surface of the soil in the old nest. One larva was almost fully grown and 
about ready to pupate. In twenty-four hours all the eggs and larvee, except 
the large one, had been removed to the bottom of the new jar, while the one 
remaining in the old nest had been taken below and covered with loose earth 
preparatory to pupating. 
In another twenty-four hours there seemed to be almost no communication 
between the two jars and a close inspection was made. Then it was found that 
the old colony had contained two queens. One of these had taken possession of 
the new nest, accompanied by about half the workers and all of the eggs and 
young laryze, only the full-grown larva and the workers remaining with the other 
queen in the old nest. This she would not desert, in spite of the strong light 
and the dryness. The jar was therefore moistened and protected from the 
light, and within five days the queen began laying again. The one larva began 
spinning its cocoon on July 28, and it was finished in about three hours. 
COLONIES FOUND WITHOUT QUEENS. 
Several kelep colonies containing eggs and larve were very care- 
fully explored in Guatemala without finding queens. In view of the 
simple structure of the nests and the extremely favorable circum- 
stances under which the work was done, it is not considered probable 
that the queens escaped notice in all these instances. It seems more 
likely that some of these colonies had been established recently with- 
out queens. 
REPLACING A QUEEN. 
Captive workers alone, as already stated, become listless and con- 
fused, but if supplied with eggs their behavior soon becomes normal. 
Several queen larve have been raised in the laboratory at Victoria, 
Tex., the first two in a colony in the hands of Mr. W. E. Hinds, the 
others by Mr. Argyle McLachlan. One might argue from Mr. Hinds’s 
experiment great intelligence on the part of the keleps. One of two 
colonies had lost its queen by an accident, but was supplied with eggs 
from another on the supposition that a queen would be raised to make 
good the deficiency. The keleps appeared, however, to have no spe- 
cial desire to have a queen to support as long as they could secure a 
regular supply of eggs, and continued to raise workers only. The 
other colony, however, from which the eggs were being removed, took 
measures at once to raise a new queen, the deficiency of eggs having 
given, perhaps, the impression that the fecundity of their queen was 
declining. Two larve of unusual size were raised, one of which 
emerged as a normal winged queen. Mr. Hinds found that the time 
required for the development of a queen is about three months, the 
larval and pupal stages being about one and one-half times as long as 
those of the workers. . 
Two queens raised by Mr. McLachlan in January and February, 
