29 
respects. Fecundation inside the nest has also been observed in a 
member of the Poneridee, or kelep family, as already noted. 
Though no doubt attained independently, the resemblance of the 
kelep social organization to that of the bees is fully as striking as the 
parallel between the ants and the termites. The most serious dif- 
ference hes in the fact that the queen bee must go out of the nest to 
be fertilized. Both the keleps and the bees are able to raise new 
queens as long as eggs are obtainable, but the danger of failure is 
much greater with the bees because of the vicissitudes of the marriage 
fight to which the young queen is subjected. In the habit of an open- 
wir mating the bees resemble the butterflies, dragon flies, and other 
nonsocial insects. Mating inside the nests represents a more advanced 
and much more practical social system. 
It is not difficult to assign a reason for a frequent subdivision of 
colonies as a feature of the social economy of the kelep. A large col- 
ony of predaceous insects would soon exhaust the insect fauna of its 
immediate neighborhood. It could maintain itself only as the drivers 
do, by foraging widely and changing quarters frequently. The keleps 
do not go, apparently, more than a few feet from their burrows. They 
seem ready to move their nests to more favorable locations, but these 
migrations are also, in all probability, for short distances only, 
though the Guatemalan Indians say that the keleps will come in from 
neighboring areas and occupy a cotton field after the crop has been 
planted. 
THE DRIVER SOCIETY. 
Interbreeding maintained by annual emergence and free flight of large numbers 
of males. 
Colonies nomadic, probably increasing by the subdivision of migratory lLordes. 
Larvie carried about by the workers for long distances. 
Females wingless, probably never emerging from the nest unless carried by the 
workers. 
Workers wingless, of two or more castes—soldiers, nurses, etc. Numbered by 
hundreds of thousands, or millions. 
The African “ drivers ” and the army ants of the American tropics 
represent another group of social insects popularly as-uciated with 
the true ants because the workers are wingless. In Liberia the males 
sometimes fly to lights in the evening in large numbers, which may 
indicate a definite breeding season for the sexual adults. . Most Do- 
rylide have been described from workers and males, very few females 
being known to science. The winglessness of the females may be said 
to advertise the distinctness of their social economy from that of the 
true ants, and to ally them with the Mutillide. Doctor Ashmead has 
