CAPRA. 57 



Rum. Mam, Capra caucasica, H. Smith. Capra gazella^ Linn. The 

 Pasang (male) and Boz (female) of the Persians and Afghans ; Surrah 

 of the Sind Hill Tribes and Beloochis. — The Wild Goat of Asia Minoe, 

 or the Sind Ibex. 



Colour variable seasonally ; generally light or fulvous brown, lighter 

 in summer ; a conspicuous dorsal streak present. Horns recurved, 

 triangular, 40 — 58 inches along the curve. Upper scimitar-like edge 

 much worn, rugose or broken into irregular knots. 



Length. — 6 to 6^ feet including the tail, which is small. 



Captain Hutton {Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist.) in describing this species 

 says : — " The colour of the animal varies with age and season, but it may 

 be said generally to be of a brownish grey, more or less intense. During 

 the winter it is paler, and in old specimens altogether pale grey. The 

 face in the mature male is of a deep sooty brown approaching to black, 

 interspersed with grey at the base of the horns and on the cheeks ; the 

 forepart of the throat and chest are also of the same colour, which 

 rises obliquely from the latter round the shoulders and unites at the 

 withers, so as to form a dark and distinctly formed collar, while the 

 same colour agaia extends itself in a stripe along the back from tho 

 base of tho horns to the extremity of the tail, which is wholly dark 

 brown or blackish. Tail short, naked beneath, and carried, when the 

 animal is alarmed and on the alert, turned up and firmly pressed 

 against the back, as in the domestic goat. In general, at other times, 

 it is pendant. Beard moderately long ; deep brown or black, some- 

 times interspersed with a few white hairs, and springs from the chin. 

 Shoulders deep brownish grey, which colour continues down to tho 

 knees, from thence to the fetlocks, and forms two bands round the leg, 

 the one at the knee and hock, the other at the pastern joints. 

 Belly and under parts whitish, with a deep brown median line on the 

 sides, which passes along the anterior edge of the hind legs. 



In summer the colour of the fur changes much. The whole of the 

 upper parts being of a yellowish or fawn coloured brown ; the mane on 

 the neck and withers nearly or altogether wanting, and the face has 

 a brown front or streak down its centre, with a stripe of the same 

 colour from the inner canthus of each eye to the nostril. The throat 

 and chest are less dark, and the collar round the shoulders often wanting. 

 In immature specimens the colours are much tho same as the summer 

 dress, but the dark lines are always less intense and often wanting. 



The adult female has the colours of the upper parts grey, with a 

 shade of pale brown over all, and a broad dark bi'own stripe down the 

 centre of the face, with another from the inner canthus of the eye to 

 the nostril. Dorsal stripe present or absent. Beard none. 



The horns of the male differ in length according to the age of the 

 individual. They are (in adults) very large, semi-elliptical, curved 

 strongly backwards, and gradually outwards towards the apex, approxi- 

 mated at the base, divei'gent at the summits, and transversely 

 wrinkled. The annual markings of increase arc very strong and re- 

 markable, standing forward on the anterior edge or angle, in prominent, 



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