120 upupiD^. 



Upupa epops, L!nn. P. E. 52; Lev. Prom. t. 22; Nanm. vogf. t. 

 142; Gunhl B. Eur. pi. 238; Jerd. B. hid. i. p. 390, No. 2hi{ Str. 

 FA. 174; iii. 90; Murray, HdhJc, Zoul., cfc.^ Sind, p. 133. — The Hoopoe. 



Feathers of the crest reddish buff, each feather tipped with black, 

 some of the median ones with a narrow whitish band, below the black 

 tip; hind neck, sides of neck, throat and breast pale rufous fawn ; chin 

 whitish; upper back dark ashy brown; lower back and scapulars barred 

 buffy and dai'k brown ; wing-coverts black with two white bands; under 

 wing-coverts buffy white; primaries, secondaries and tertiaries dark 

 brown ; the 1 st primary with a white spot on the inner web, and the others 

 barred on both webs ; secondaries and tertiaries with 3 — 4 white bands ; 

 lower abdomen buffy, with a few dark streaks ; under tail-coverts white ; 

 upper tail-coverts white, terminated with black ; tail black, with a 

 white band about the middle; bill black, reddish at the base; irides 

 red brown ; legs brownish black. 



Length. — 12 to 12-5 inches, wing 55, tail 4, bill at front 1' 75 or a 

 little more. 



Hah. — Europe, India, Assam, Himalayas, Cashmere, Palestine, Persia, 

 Beloochistan, Afghanistan, Eastern Turkistan, Sind, Punjab, N. W. 

 Provinces, Bengal, Southern, Northern, Central, Eastern and West- 

 ern India generally. Breeds in the Punjab and N. W. Provinces. 



Tribe, DENTIROSTRES. 



Upper mandible of bill toothed or notched near the tip. 

 Family, LANIADiE,— Shrikes. 



Bill long, strong, straight, inostly hooked ; keel curved, sides com- 

 pressed to tip; wings moderate ; tail long; tarsi strong; hind toe long ; 

 claws long, curved and sharp. 



Sub-Family, LANIIN^. 



Bill moderate; nostrils lateral and rounded; wings rather long; outer 

 toe longer than inner, and united to middle at base ; hind toe long, 

 broadly padded. 



Gen. Lanius, — Lin. ; Collurio, Gray. 



Bill broad, a few short bristles at base by which the nostrils are 

 partially covered, tip hooked ; 4th quill longest ; tail graduated. 



Lanius lahtora, /SyA-e.s ; Gray, III. Ind. Zool., pi. 32,2 and 33,3 ; 

 Jerd. B. Ind. i. 400, No. 25G ; Murray, Hdhl:, Zool., ^x., Sind. p. 133. 

 Lanius burra. Gray, III. Ind. Zool. pi. 32, tig. 3. — The Indian Grey 

 Shrike. 



A narrow frontal streak (not always distinct) continued through 

 the eyes, including the ear-coverts to the nape, black; head, back 

 and upper tail-coverts blue grey ; primaries dusky, the feathers witli 

 a bi'oad band of white at their bases on both webs ; secondaries 

 dusky, their inner webs broadly margined, and the tips edged with 

 white; tertiaries and wing-coverts black ; the tertiaries broadly tipped 



