PYCNONOTUS. 135 



with faint trausverse striaa^ tLe lateral feathers narrowly margined at 

 the tips with whitish ; a double line of dark spots from the base of 

 the lower mandible on either side of the throat ; under surfaca 

 white ; the flanks and sides brownish, the feathers with fulvous mesial 

 streaks; under tail-coverts ferruginous; bill horny brown^ paler on 

 lower mandible ; irides brown ; legs pale horny. 



Length. — 7 to 7'7 inches, wing 2 to 2'o, tail A-, bill at front 0'4. 



Hah. — Sind, the Punjab, N. W. Provinces and Bengal; breeds in 

 Sind from July to September. 



Family, BEACHYPODIDyE,— Short-legged Thrushes. 

 Legs and feet short ; wings moderate or rather long ; bill various. 



Sub-Family, PYCNONOTIN^,— True Bulbuls. 



Bill generally short, straight and depressed ; rictal bristles well 

 developed; nostrils exposed. 



Gen. Pycnonotus. — Bole, Is is, 1826, 



Bill rather long and thin ; gongs up-curved; rictal bristles strong; 

 legs and feet stout; tarsi Avith a single scute at insertion of feet; 

 toes scutellate ; head more or less crested, but not conspicuously. 



Pycnonotus hsemorrhous, Pli/fh, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 566; id. 

 XV. p. 50; Giay, Gen. B. i. p. 237; Jerd. B. Iiid. ii. p. 94, No. 462; 

 Str. F. 1875, p. 292 ; Sharjje, Cat. B.B.Mns. vol. vi. ; Murray, Hdhh., 

 Zool., S)'c., Sind. ITa3matornis htemorrhous, Sivai?2s, Faun. Bar. Amer. 

 B. p. 485. Pycnonotus pusillus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 237; Str. F. 1878, 

 p. 258 ; Hume, I. c. p. 456 ; Str. F. 1877, p. 246 ; Molpastes haDmorrhous, 

 Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 98. — The Common Madras Bulbul. 



Head crested, black ; chin and throat black ; neck, back and wing- 

 coverts brown, more or less pale edged; upper tail-coverts white; tail 

 brownish black, tipped with white; breast brown, all the feathers edged 

 with white or ashy ; lower abdomen and vent white ; flanks and thigh- 

 coverts light brown ; under tail-coverts crimson ; under wing-coverts 

 whitish ; bill black ; legs greenish or slaty green ; irides deep brown. 



Length. — 7'75 to 8 inches, wing 3"4, tail 3'4, tarsus 0'8, bill at front 

 0-9. 



Hah. — Ceylon, Southern and Central India (Mhow, Travancore), 

 Deccan, Concan, Malabai', Kutch, Kattiawar, Jodhpore and North 

 Guzerat ; also the Punjab, N. W. Provinces, Bengal and Oudh. 

 In Sind it appears to be a permanent resident, breeding from June 

 to August. Eggs 2 — 4, white, speckled with lake red or deep claret. 



Pycnonotus leucotis, Lros. apud. Gould. P. Z. fi*. 1836, p. 6; 

 B}). Cousp. Au. i. p. 265; De F. Viag. Pas. p. 347. Pycnonotus 

 leucotis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 567; Blf. East. Per.^. ii. p. 218. 

 Otocompsa leucotis, Jerd. B. hid. ii. p. 91, No. 459; Hume, Str. F. 

 1873, p. 181; id. 1875, p. 206; 1. c. p. 473; 1879, p. 98; Murray, 

 Hdbk., Zool., cjr.j Sind, p. 143. — The White-eared Crested Bulbul. 



