ANTHUS. 171 



broadly margined with brownish white. The central tail feathers, 

 which are the shortest, are a comparatively pale brown, margined alt 

 round with brownish white ; the next pair on either side are very dark 

 brown^ very narrowly margined with pale olivaceous, and the fourth 

 with a tiny whitish spot at the extreme tip ; the extei'ior tail feathers 

 of all has the whole outer web white, slightly brownish towards the 

 tip, the whole inner web white for nearly half an inch from the tip, 

 beyond which for another three quarters of an inch the white occupies 

 (next the shaft) a gradually diminishing portion of the inner web, the 

 rest of the feather being brown. The lower surface is a dull white, in 

 many specimens with a faint vinaceous tinge, in parts with a row of 

 small brown spots down the sides of the neck, with similar spots on 

 the breast and longer stria3 along the sides and flanks. 



" In the summer plumage the whole upper surface becomes greatly 

 overlaid with an earthy or greyish brown shade, the striations of the 

 back and head almost disappear, though the edges of the feathers are 

 still somewhat paler than the centres, and the whole lower parts 

 become a neai'ly uniform pale vinaceous colour, without, in what I take 

 to be the perfect plumage* a single spot or streak ; in some specimens,, 

 which is somewhat less advanced, a few spots still remain on the breast, 

 and one or two streaks on the flanks. In all stages of plumage the 

 axillaries are white, and greater portion of the wing lining and the 

 lower surface of the quills pale satin grey. 



"Male, length, — 6'75 to 7-25 inches, expanse 11 to H'25, wing 3"46 

 to 36, bill at front 0-45 to Ooo, hind toe and claw 07 to nearly O'S,. 

 weight nearly one oz. 



"Female, length. — 6*37 to 6*62 inches^ wing 3*15 to 3*3, expanse 9"5 

 to 10"5, bill at front 0*45 to O'o, hind toe and claw 0'7to 0-75, legs 

 and feet brown, or dark brown, bill dark horny brown." — Str, F. i. 

 p. 204. 



Hah. — Central and Southern Europe and N. E. A.frica ; Sind, Punjab, 

 N. W. Provinces, Beloochistan, Persia, Afghanistan, and E. Turkistan. 

 In India during winter only. 



Anthus blackistonii, Swinh.P.Z. 8. 1863, p. 90; Rime, Sir, F. 

 V. 345 ; Murraij, Hdhk,, Zool., ^'c, Sind, Anthus neglectus. Brooks, 

 Ihis, 1876, 501; 1877, 206.-— Blackiston's Pipit. 



Upper parts light yellowish brown, grey on the nape; crown and 

 back with the centres of the feathers deep brown ; lores, eyebrow and 

 chin cream white; under parts ci-eam white, spotted on the breast and 

 streaked on the flanks with brown; axillaries pure white; wings brown, 

 feathers edged paler ; coverts and tertiaries broadly edged and tipped 

 with cream white, forming a double bar across the wing ; tail brown, 

 the central feathers yellowish brown, edged paler ; the outer lateral tail 

 feathers white on the entire outer web and great part of inner near the 

 apex; second lateral feather edged exteriorly, and largely tipped with 

 white. Bill blackish brown on culmen and tip, light brown on remain- 

 der ; legs blackish brown (brown, Brooks) paler on tarsi. 



