196 



FRINGILLID-J!, 



rowly edged with fulvous, but none of the feathers tipped with white; 

 tail dark brown, with conspicuous white tips to all the feathers except 

 the two central ones ; all the rectrices edged more or less broadly with 

 fulvous ; lores and a distinct eye-brow whitish ; cheeks fulvous white 

 with a slight mottling of rufous; ear-coverts entirely rufous; throat 

 white ; rest of the under surface dull white, the upper part of the 

 breast and flanks rufous; a black pectoral gorget extending right 

 across the lower part of the throat; on the upper part of the breast 

 are a few indistinct mottled lines below the black gorget ; under tail- 

 coverts whitish ; under wing-coverts entirely greyish brown; bill horn- 

 brown, the under mandible yellowish; feet fleshy yellow; iris dark 

 brown. 



*' Ohs. — Some specimens are much greyer than others ; others again 

 are more rufous ; some are more white on the belly and have the breast 

 much obscured, so that the pectoral gorget is scarcely discernible. 

 This last dress seerns to be the winter plumage. 



*' yoitn^.— Similar to the adult, but more rufous in the centre of the 

 back ; gorget more obscure, and the stripes on the upper breast more 

 indistinct; the bill likewise seems to be more yeWow.''--^ Sharp and 

 Dresser, Birch of Europe. (The males are larger than the female.) 



Length.— 7'06 to 8 inches, expanse 13°13to 15'25, wing 4'2 to 4^8, 

 2nd primary is the longest, the 1st is subequal to 0*2 shorter, the 3rd is 

 from 0*13 to 0*3 shorter, and the 4th 0*5, to 0*7 shorter, tail from 

 vent from 2'12 to 2*4, tarsus 1 to 1*1. Bill from forehead to point 

 0-6 to 0-7, from gape 07 to 0"9, height at front 0-2 to 0-25, the 

 closed wing fall short of end of tail by from 0'38 to 0'87. 



" Legs and feet fleshy or yellowish fleshy, more or less dusky at joints ; 

 claws dusky; irides brown, in some light brown; bill horny brown or 

 blackish horny on upper mandible ; lower mandible greenish horny, 

 changing to yellow at base and gape.'''' — Hume, Lahore to Yarkand. 



Ho.?).— Upper Sind, and the Desert East of Omercote, ( Blf. ) in the 

 Thurr and Parkur Districts, Beloochistai^, Persia, Afghanistan, ap(^ 

 Eastern Turkistan, 



Gen. Alaudula. — Blyth. 



Bill less thick than in Calendrella, and more slender, very slightly 

 curved ; first three quills longest ; tail even ; hind claw small, straight. 



Alaudula adamsi, Bume, Ibis. 1871, p. 405; id. Sir. F. i. 213; 

 V. 327; Murray, Hdbk.,Zool.,8fc.,8ind,\). 190. — T^E Little Sanp-Lark, 



The following is a description of the species by Mr. Hume ? — 



In the winter the whole upper surface is very pale grey or whitey 

 brown, all the feathers narrowly centred with grey brown, so as to 

 produce a striated appearance. There is in many specimens a more or 

 less perceptible, but still very faint rufous tinge on the back- The 

 wings are pale brown, the outer webs of the first primaries nearly 

 entirely cream colour, the other primaries narrowly tipped and margined 

 white ; secondaries more broadly ; tertiaries and coverts still more 

 broadly margined with fulvous or slightly greyish white ; the 



