256 TOTANIN^. 



In winter the forehead, crown, nape, back of neck and upper back 

 ashy grey, finely streaked with dusky ; supercilium white, and a dusky 

 streak from the base of the bill to the eye ; chin and throat white, sides of 

 face white with some fine dusky streaks; breast and under parts mottled 

 and barred with dingy ash brown and dull fulvous, or greyish white; 

 upper back, scapulars, shoulder of wing and lesser coverts a glossy 

 olive brown, darker on the upper back and tertiaries, all the feathers 

 spotted on the edges with white; the wing-coverts also tipped with 

 white ; lower back white ; rump barred with undulating lines of ashy 

 brown and white; tail also barred the same ; primaries dark brown, the 

 inner ones pale brown, tipped and mottled with white ; secondaries 

 barred white and pale brown ; legs deep orange red ; bill blackish, 

 orange at the base beneath. 



Length. — 13 inches, wing 6'75, tail 2'5, tarsus 2'8, bill 2'4. 



Hah. — Throughout India during winter ; usually solitary or in very 

 Email parties. It is a sea shore bird, but is also found on the edges of 

 rivers, lakes, mud banks, &c. It is said to swim well, and also to dive 

 when in danger. 



Totanus calidris, Lin.; P. E. 845; Gould. B. Eur. -pi. 310 ; Jerd. 

 B. Lid. iii. 702; Murray, Edbh., Zool, Sfc, Sind, p. 221.— The Red 

 Shank. 



Winter Plumage. — Forehead, crown, nape, back of the neck, upper back 

 and scapulars cinereous or glossy olive brown, the feathers on the back 

 and scapulars dark shafted ; supercilium and orbital ring white ; chin 

 and throat white ; sides of the face greyish white, with narrow iDrown 

 streaks ; neck in front and breast greyish white, with dusky or greyish 

 brown linear markings ; primaries dusky, their inner webs white ; the first 

 quill white shafted, and some of the inner ones white tipped ; secondaries 

 white ; tertials like the back ; wing-coverts olive brown, the greater 

 ones tipped with white; axillaries, under wing-coverts, abdomen, vent 

 and under tail-coverts white; lower back white; upper tail-coverts and 

 tail white, barred with dusky. 



Length, — 11*5 inches, tail 2' 7, wing 6"45, bill at front 1*7 to 19, 

 reddish at the base, its terminal half dark brown, tarsus 2; irides brown, 

 legs red. 



Hah. — India generally during winter. Sind, Persia, Beloochistan 

 and Afghanistan, Southern and Western India, N. W. Provinces and 

 Oudh. Breeds in the North of Europe. 



Totanus— Sp. 



Female. — Frontal zone greyish white, the feathers with mesial narrow 

 brown streaks ; crown of the head cinereous, the feathers edged with 

 greyish white ; an indistinct dusky spot between the base of the bill 

 and the eye, and a white supercilium ; chin and throat white ; neck in 

 front and ota the sides greyish white, the feathers with narrow mesial 

 dusky streaks ; back of the neck ashy grey, also with mesial narrow 

 dusky streaks ; breast greyish white with dusky spots, Avhich become 



