rump, upper tail-covcrts, and tail, uniform pure wLitc, more or less rose- 

 tinted in breeding seat^on ; mantle some shade of gray.) 

 i'. Tarsus much longer than middle toe, with claw. 



Summer adult : Head sooty slate-color; mantle pUimbeous-sIate ; five 

 outer primaries entirely black, or sometimes with a small terminal 

 spot of white; rest of quills plumbeous, tipped with white, the sixth 

 sometimes with a subterminal black spot; bill and feet (in life) 

 dark brownish red. Winter adult : Head and neck white, the oc- 

 ciput and ear-coverts spotted or mottled with brownish gray, the 

 eyes more or less surrounded by the same ; otherwise as in summer. 

 Young : Head, neck, breast, and sides nearly uniform brownish gray, 

 darker on occiput and hind-neck, tinged with buff beneath ; mantle 

 graj-ish brown, the feathers broadly bordered with pale grayish buff; 

 centre of rump light brownish gray; rest of rump, with upper tail- 

 coverts and posterior lower parts, white; basal half of tail light 

 gray, subterminal portion black, the tip narrowlj^ white. Downy 

 young : Above grayish fulvous, varying to umber-brown, the head 

 irregularly striped or spotted, the back, wings, and rumj) marbled, 

 with dusky; lower parts paler, the breast and belly more ochreous, 

 the fore-neck, sides, flanks, and ventral region faintly mottled with 

 darker. Length 15.00-17.00, wing 13.00, tail 5.00, eulmen 1.75, tarsus 

 2.00, middle toe, with claw, 1.50. Eggs 2.18 X 1-55. Jlab. Atlantic 

 coast of United States, south, in winter, through "West Indies and 

 along both coasts of Middle America, and as far as the lower Ama- 

 zon 58. L. atricilla Linn. Laughing GulL 



P. Tarsus not longer than middle toe, with claw. 



cK Wing more than 10.00 ; eulmen more than 1.00. 



d'. Bill brownish or reddish, its depth through the angle more than 

 one-fourth the eulmen. Summer adult : Bill bright red (in life), 

 with more or less distinct darker subterminal band; head deep 

 plumbeous-black, with a white spot on each eyelid; mantle deep 

 plumbeous; quills bluish gray, the shafts white, all broadly 

 tipped with white, and the five outer ones marked with a sub- 

 terminal space of black ; lower parts deeply tinted (in fresh 

 specimens) with rose-pink, and middle tail-feather tinged with 

 pearl-gray. Winter adult : Similar, but head white, the occi- 

 put, region round eyes, and ear-coverts, grayish duskj'; bill and 

 feet duller red. Young : Top and sides of head (except forehead 

 and lores), with back and scapulars, grayish brown, the longer 

 scapulars bordered terminally with pale gra_yish buff; quills 

 dusky (inner webs more plumbeous), tipped with white; centre 

 of rump bluish grnj- ; rest of rump, with upper tail-coverts, 

 entire lower parts, forehead, lores, and eyelids, white. Length 

 13.50-15.00, wing 11.25, eulmen 1.30, depth of bill at nostrils .35, 

 tarsus 1.60, middle toe, with claw, 1.60. Eggs 2.11 X 1-53. Bab. 



