36 KORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Interior of North America, breeding from Iowa northward ; 

 in winter, south through Middle America and western South 

 America, to Peru. 



59. L. franklinii Sw. & Rich. Franklin's Gull. 

 (P. Bill deep black, its dojJth through the angle loss thuii one-fourth 

 the length of the culmen. Summer adult : Head dark plumbeous; 

 mantle delicate pale pearl-gray ; three outer quills chiefly white, 

 the outer web of the first and terminal portion of all, black ; 

 rest of quills pale pearl-graj', tipped with white, the fifth and 

 sixth marked with a subterminal black space ; rest of plumage 

 pure white ; feet rich orange-red in life. Winter adult : Head 

 ■white, the occiput tinged with grayish, the car-coverts marked 

 with a du.sky spot; otherwise, as in summer, but feet (in life) 

 pale flesh-color. Young .- Sides of head and neck, with entire 

 lower parts, upper tail-coverts, and basal two-thirds of tail, 

 white ; top of head and upper back brownish gray ; a dusky 

 spot on car-coverts ; scapulars and feathers of back grayish 

 brown, tipped with pale buff; central lesser wing-coverts dusky 

 brownish gray; rest of wing-coverts, greater part of inner 

 pi'imaries, with upper part of rump, bluish gray ; band across 

 end of tail black or dusky, the tip narrowly white. Length 

 about 12.00-14.00, wing 10.25, culmen 1.20, depth of bill at 

 nostrils .25, tarsus 1.40, middle too, with claw, 1.40. Hggs 1.95 

 X 1-34. J£ab. Whole of North America, breeding far north- 

 ward ; in winter, not yet recorded from south of the United 

 States, though reported from Bermudas. 



60. L. Philadelphia (Ord). Bonaparte's Gull. 

 (F. Wing much less than 10.00 ; culmen less than 1.00. 



Summer adult : Head deep black ; mantle delicate pale pearl-gray, 

 the quills similar, tipped with white and usually without black 

 markings. Winter adult : Head white, the occijnit tinged w-ith 

 gray, and ear-coverts with a duskj' spot ; otherwise as in sum- 

 mer. Young : Forehead, lores, cheeks, entire lower parts, upper 

 tail-coverts, and greater part of tail, white ; occiput, ear-coverts, 

 and most of upper parts sootj- blackish, the feathers (except 

 on head and neck) bordered terminally with pale buff. Length 

 10.40-11.50, wing 8.75-0.00, culmen .90, tarsus 1.00, middle too 

 (without claw) .90. J£ub. Europe and ]iarts of Asia and Africa; 

 aecidenlal in Bermudas and eastern L'nitod States (Long Island). 

 60.1. L. minutus' Pai.l. Little Gull. 



ulus Pall., Rcis. Russ. Rcichs, iii. App. No. 35, 1771, 7U2. 



