DAFILA. 97 



with green, and rather hroadly tipped with brownish white. Downy young : Above 

 grayish brown, with a brownish white spot on each side of back, and a correspond- 

 ing pair on the rump ; pileum darker brown than nape ; rest of head and neclc, with 

 entire lower parts, pale grayish fulvous, or dull pale butf, shaded with graj'ish 

 across jugulum; side of head with a dai-k brown stripe, from upper posterior angle 

 of bill to eye, and thence back about half way to occiput ; beneath this a similar 

 stripe crossing auriculars and extending back towards nape. Length 17.00-21.00, 

 wing 9.00-10.00, culmen 2,00-2.90, width of bill at end 1.10-1.20, at base .60, tarsus 

 l.lD-l.oO. Eggs 2.12x1-48, pale olive-buff or brownish buff. Hub. Northern 

 hemisphere in general, breeding chiefly northward. 



142. S. clypeata (Linn.). Shoveller. 



Genus DAFILA Stephens. (Page 85, pi. XXIII., fig. 4.) 



Species. 



a". Lower half of head plain brown (male) or dull whitish sti'eaked with dusky 

 (female) ; tail dusky or grayish, the feathers (except middle pair) with paler 

 edges; lower parts Avhite, sometimes streaked, but never sjjotted, with 

 dusky ; secondaries narrowlj- tipped with white or huffy; bill lead-color with 

 black stripe on culmen (in mule) or entirel}* dusk}- (female). (Subgenus 

 Dafla.) 



Adult male: Head and upper neck plain hair-brown, darker on crown, and 

 faintly glossed on sides of occiput with metallic green and purple ; upper 

 half of hind-neck black, with a white stripe on each side, confluent with 

 the white of the crop and other lower parts; back, sides, and flanks 

 finely waved with white and dusky; longer scapulars velvety black, 

 edged with whitish ; tertials siiverj- gray, marked with a velvety black 

 median stripe ; speculum varj-ing from dull metallic green to bronzy 

 purjile, tipped with white, and crossed by a subterminal bar of velvety 

 black ; wing-coverts uniform brownish gi'ay, the last row broadly tipped 

 with cinnamon, producing a distinct bar; length about 20.00-30.00, 

 wing 10.25-11.20, middle tail-feathers 7.25-9.50, culmen 1.85-2.15, tarsus 

 1.55-1.85. Adult female : Above grayish duskj-, varied with irregular 

 bars of yellowish white or pale ochraceous, these markings often U- 

 shaped; wing much as in the male, but colors duller, the smaller cov- 

 erts tipped with whitish ; head and neck dingy whitish, everywhere 

 streaked, except sometimes on throat, with blackish ; lower parts chieflj- 

 white, the flanks and under tail-coverts streaked with duskj-; length 

 21.00-23.50, wing 9.60-10.10, middle tail-feathers 4.50-5.00, culmen 1.80- 

 2.10. tarsus 1.65. Ilale in breeding plumage : Similar to adult female, but 

 wings as in spring and winter plumage. Young mole : vSimilar to adult 

 female, but markings on upper parts more transverse, and bell}- some- 

 times (always?) streaked with dusky. Young female : Similar to j-oung 

 male, but speculum pale brownish, more or less marked with dusky an- 

 teriorly; lower parts evcrj-where thickly streaked with dusky. Downy 

 1-1 



