ArrnrA. 103 



(.95), least width .70-.85 (.78). Hab. Northern portions of 

 Old World, from western Europe to Kamtschatka. 



A. raarila (Link.). Scaup Duck.' 



e'. Six inner quills without distinct white spaces on inner webs; 



otherwise not appreciabh- different from A. marila ; length 



18.00-20.00, wing 8.25-9'oO (8.G3), culmen 1.85-2.20 (2.03), 



greatest width of bill .85-1.05 (.97), least width .70-.90 



(.79). Eggs 2.54 X 1-71, pale buffj' olive-gray. Ilab. North 



America in general, breeding far northward; south, in 



winter, to Guatemala. 



148. A. marila nearctica Stejn. American Scaup Dnck. 



d}. Flanks vermiculated or zigzagged with blackish. 



e'. Similar to A. marila nearctica (including absence of distinct 

 white s])aces on six inner quills), but black of head in male 

 glossed with purplish instead of green ; length 15.00-16.50, 

 wing 7.50-8.25 (7.81), culmen 1.58-1.90 (1.75), greatest 

 width of bill .80-.95 (.89), least width .60-.78 (.69). Eggs 

 2.25 X 1-58, same color as in F. marila nearctica. Hab. 

 North America in general, breeding northward ; south, in 

 winter, to Guatemala and West Indies. 



149. A. affinis (Eyt.). Lesser Scaup Duck. 

 e'. Similar to A. affinis, but six inner quills with a distinct white 

 space on inner webs, as in A. marila. Hab. Eastern Asia 

 (Japan and southward). 



A. affinis mariloides (Vio.). Chinese Scaup Duck.^ 



c}. Back and scapulars, in adult male, blac'k, sometimes minutely sprinkled 



with whitish ; a long, pendent occipital crest. 



Otherwise, in color, much like A. marila; wing 7.60-8.10, culmen 



1.85-1.90, greatest width of bill .75-.85. Hab. Northern parts 



of Old World, from western Europe to Kamtschatka. 



A. fuligula (Linn.). Crested Scaup Duck.' 

 6'. Speculum bluish gray. 



Advlt male : Head, neck, chest, under tail-coverts, and upper parts black, the 

 bead with a violet-purple gloss, and middle of neck with a more or less 

 distinct collar of chestnut ; chin with a triangular white spot ; bill trans- 

 versel)' banded with black, grayish white, and plumbeous. Adult female :* 



• Anas marila LiSN., Faun. Suec. 2(1 ed. 1761, 39. At/lhi/a mania BoiE, Isis, 1822, 564. 



» Fntiijtila mariloides Vio., Zool. Blossom, 1839, 31 (in text). Ai/lhya affinis mariloides Stejn., Orn. Expl. 

 Kamta. 1885, 161. 



> Anas fuligula Lis.v., S. N. c<l. 10, i. IToS, 128. Ai/lhya fnllrjuta Stejx., Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 29, 

 1885, 160. 



*Tho fcnialo of this species resembles very closely in coloration that of the Red-hcaJ (A. americana), but 

 may be readily distinguished by the very different proportions, the average measurements of the two being 

 about as follows : 



A. amerioana. Wing 8.50, culmen 1.90, greatest width of bill .85, Iciiit width .75, tarsus 1.60, middle toe 

 2.30. 



A. coUaris. Wing 7.50, culmen 1.80, greatest width of bill .85, least width .05, tarsus 1.35, middle toe 2.00. 



