112 NORTH AMERICAS BIRDS. 



at base 1.10-1.30, tar.sus 1.80-2.10. Eggs 2.ST X 1-92, pale cream- 

 color. ifaZ). Northern porlion.s of eastern hemisphere ; aeeiilentiil in 



Greenland 1C4. O, fusca (Linn.). Velvet Scoter. 



<?. Loral feathering separated from nostrils by a space much narrower 

 than length of nostril ; male with swollen lateral base of upper 

 mandible entirelj' i'eathered, the sides of bill bright red or orange- 

 red in life. 

 d}. Width of bill at widest part equal to or greater than distance 

 from nostril to tip, the lateral outlines stronglj' convex ; knob 

 with anterior outline sloping backward ; distance from frontal 

 feathering to where outline of knob begins to incline down- 

 ward not more than .45 ; sides of bill, in life, orange-red ; 

 plumage as in 0. fusca. Length 19.75-23.00, wing 10.05-11.40, 

 culmen 1.40-1.70, depth of upper mandible at base 1.10-1.30, 

 tarsus 1.80-2.10. Eggs 2.08 X 1-83, pale dull buff, varying to 

 cream-color. Hub. Northern North America ; south, in winter, 

 to Chesapeake Baj', the Groat Lakes, and southern California. 

 105. O. deglandi Bon.vp. White-winged Scoter. 

 d'. Width of bill at widest part loss than distance from nostril to tip, 

 the lateral outlines nearly parallel; knob of male with anterior 

 outline decidedly concave, the top forming a more or less con- 

 spicuous projection ; distance from frontal feathers along top 

 of knob to anterior extremity not less than .55 ; sides of bill 

 bright red in life; plumage as in 0. fusca and 0. deglandi, but 

 black usually mucli more intense. Hah. Northeastern Asia 

 (Kamtschatka to Japan). 



O. stejnegeri Ridgw. Kamtschatkan Scoter.' 



6'. Feathering of head advancing much farther forward on forohoad than on 



lores; sides of bill at base with swollen portion entirely naked; wing 



without white speculum. (Subgenus Pclionetta Kaup.) 



Adult male: Uniform deep black, the lower parts more sootj'; a patch 



on forehead and another on hind neck, pure white (one or the other 



of them occasionally absent) ; bill reddish in life, the swollen base, 



on each side, marked with a conspicuous largo spot of jet-black ; 



length about 20.00-22.00, wing 9.25-9.75, culmen 1.30-1. GO, tarsus 



1.55-1.85. Adult female : Top of head and hind-neck dusky; rest 



of head graj'ish brown, usually with an indistinct whitish patch 



near corner of mouth ; upper parts dusky, the feathers somf>time3 



with paler tips; lower parts grayish brown, paler on bell}-, the 



feathers of breast and sides tipped with dull whitish; bill wholly 



dusky, scarcely swollen at base; length about 18.00-19.00. Young : 



Similar to adult female, but side of head with two quite distinct 



whitish patches, one near base of bill, the other over ears ; color of 



• New speciea. (=0. Jeglandii Stej.n., Qui. E.xpl. Kuiiitsch. 1S?5, 171.) 



