IffS NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



W. Upiiei parts mostly or entirely graj'isb, the tail always gra}'. E(jgs 1.59 X 

 I.IS. Ilab. Eocky Mountains ami northward to Alaska (Yukon Vallej-), 

 east to Manitoba. 



300i. B. umbellus umbelloides (Dougl.). Gray Ruffed Grouse. 

 a'. Darker, with brown marking.^ on lower j)arls very conspicuous, evury whore ex- 

 posed, and bordered by very distinct dusky bars ; bars on flanks very dark 

 brown, or brownish black. 

 //. Ujiper parts with more or less of gray, often mostly grayish, the tail usually 

 gray (sometimes tinged with ochraeeous). JJab. Eastern Oi-egon and 

 Washington Territory, cast to Moose Factory, Xova Scotia, Maine, etc., 

 southward on mountains of New England, New York, etc. 



300rt. B. umbellus togata (Linn.). Canadian Ruffed Grouse. 

 b'. Upper parts dark rusty, wiili little if i\uy admixture of gray, the tail usu- 

 ally deep rusty (verj- rarelj- grayish). Eggs 1.61 X 1-0. llab. North- 

 west coast, from northern California to British Columbia. 



300c. B. umbellus sabini (Dougl.). Oregon Ruffed Grouse. 



Gencs LAGOPUS Brisson. (Page 185, pi. LYIIL, fig. 2.) 



Species. 



Common Cuaracteks. — Winter jilumage pure ■white, the tail black in most 

 epccies, and sometimes the lores black also. Summer plumage with ujiper parts 

 (except part of wings) and chest varied with brown, butfy, or grayish and black. 

 Ke3t on ground in open situations. Eggs about 10-16, more or less heavily spotted 

 or marbled with dark brown or black on a buffy or light rusty ground. 



«'. Tail black. 



IK Bill stout (depth at base .40 or more) ; length 14.00-17.00. wing about 7.00- 

 7.50, bill, from nostril, .40-.42, depth at base, .40-.45 ; winter plumage 

 never with black on head, 

 c'. Shafts of secondaries white. 



Male in spring : Head and nock rich chestnut, usuallj- becoming 

 darker below (sometimes quite blackish) ; rest of plumage 

 white, the back, scapulars, and rump interspersed with feathers 

 of deep brown or rusty, barred with dusky. Male in summer : 

 Head, neck, and lower parts (except middle of belly, anal 

 region, and legs) deep cinnanion-rufons, uniform on throat, 

 fore-neck, and chest, barred with black on sides, flanks, and 

 under tail-coverts, tinged with slaty on upper bcllj- ; quills and 

 outermost wing-coverts white; rest of uj)])cr parts (continu- 

 ously) irregularly barred with tawny brown and black, most 

 of the feathers indistinctly tipped with whitish. Female in 

 summer: Above coarsely and irregularlj- barred and spotted 

 with black and ochraeeous or bufTj- (the former rather predomi- 

 nating), many of the feathers margined terminally with white; 



