296 KORTH AMEIilCAy BIRDS. 



ceous, or vinaceous-white, throat ash-gray, and crown light 

 gi-aj-ish brown or brownish gray; length 12.75-14.00, wing 

 6.45-7.15 (6.66), tail 4.40-5.20 (4.86), exposed culnien 1.34-1.53 

 (1.46). Eggs 1.12 X -85. Hah. Whole of western United 

 States and table-lands of Mexico, except northwest coast and 

 Lower California; east to Eocky Mountains (occasionally 

 across Great Plains to Kansas). 



413. C. cafer (Gmel.). Red-shafted Flicker.' 

 d}. Darker, with back deeper brown (sometimes of a warm burnt- 

 umber tint), lower parts deeper vinaceous, throat deeper ash- 

 gray (sometimes almost plumbeous), and top of head deeper 

 brownish ; wing 6.35-7.00 (0.03), tail 4.70-5.20 (5.01), exposed 

 culmen 1.35-1.60 (1.47). Hab. Northwest coast, north to 

 Sitka, south to northern California (chiefly in coast district). 

 413(7. C. cafer saturation Einaw. Northwestern Flicker, 

 c'. Exposed eulmen not less than l.CO, the bill slenderer and more curved ; 

 wing averaging less than 6.25 ; crown cinnamon-brown, becoming 

 deep cinnamon anteriorly ; rump vinaceous-white ; shafts red-lead 

 color, the under surface of quilb and tail a paler shade of the 

 same. 



Wing 5.90-6.25 (0.05), tail 4.50-5.00 (4.72), exposed culmen 1.00- 

 1.85 (1.70). Hab. Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 



415. C. rufipileus Eidgw. Guadalupe Flicker. 

 v. Entire top of head and hind-neck uniform deep cinnamon, strouijiy and very 

 abruptly contrasted with ash-gray of ear-coverts, etc.; rump distinctly 

 spotted with black ; back, etc., light cinnamon-brown, broadly barred 

 with black, these bars about the same width as the lighter interspaces ; 

 "mustache" of male carmine-red; size about the same as in C. cafer. 

 Hab. Guatemala. 



C. mexicanoides Lakk. Guatemalan Flicker.' 



1 It may hereafter prove expedient to separate the birds of the United States from those of Me.\ioo as repre- 

 senting a geographical race. Eight specimens from Mexico (Valley of Mexico, Mirador, Saltillo, Pucbia, etc.) 

 arc much smaller than northern examples, and with a single exception (an example from Saltillo, Coahuila) 

 have the black bars on the back, etc., much narrower. The extreme and average measurements of this series 

 are as follows: wing 5.00-6.50 (0.13). tail 4.00-4.70 (4.41), exposed culmen 1.20-1.40 (1..10). If separated, the 

 United States bird would have to bo called C. cafer collarit (Via.), the O.lnplen collni-in of Vicoiis (Zool. Jour, 

 iv. 1829, 384; Zool. Bcechey's Voy. 18.39, 24, pi. 9) having been based on specimens from Monterey, Cali- 

 fornia. 



^Colaplei mexicanaidea Lafr., Rev. Zool. IS44, 42. 



