343 yORTII AillCRICAy BIRDS. 



Young: Above mixed dusky and light brownish (in variuVile relative quantity), 

 conspicuously speckled or dotted with white or pale buft'y ; wiug-coverts conspicu- 

 ouslj- margined with pale dull buffy ; lower parts whitish, the chest more or less 

 tinged with palo brownish bulf and speckled or clouded with duskj- ; no distinct 

 bead " pattern." 2\est composed of fine dried grass-stems, etc., embedded in ground, 

 under shelter of tussock of grass, a stone, etc. Eggs 3-5, pale olive, pale dull 

 bulTy, dull olive-whitish, etc., finely but usually densely speckled or sprinkled with 

 olive-brown (rarely, pale cinnamon-buff, speckled with einnanion-i'ust^'). 



a}. Wing of male averaging more than 4.40, that of female averaging 4.12, or more, 

 i'. Darker, the hind-neck, rump, etc., deeper vinaceous-cinnamon, the throat 

 and superciliary stripe usually deep primrose-yellow. Young with sooty 

 blackish prevailing on upjior pai'ts, the chest and sides distinctly tinged 

 with brownish buff and speckled or mottled with duskj-. Mule: Length 

 about 7.50-8.00, wing 4.20-4.60 (4.41), tail 2.70-3.10 (2.98). Female: 

 Wmg 3.95-4.55 (4.19), tail 2.50-3.10 (2.78). Hub. Northeastern North 

 America (region about Hudson's Bay, including Labrador). Greenland, 

 and northern Europe; in winter, south to the Carolinas, Illinois, etc. 



474. O. alpestris (Linn.). Horned Lark, 

 t'. Paler, the hind-neck, rump, etc., lighter, more ashy, or lilaceous, vinaccous, 

 the throat usually white or but faintly yellowish, the superciliary stripe 

 pure white. {Young unknown.) Male: Length about 7.50-8.00, wing 

 4.30-4.65 (4.43), tail 2.S5-3.20 (3.10). Female: Wing 4.00-4.20 (4.12), 

 tail 2.00-2.80 (2.73). Eggs .94 X -06. Hab. Northwestern North 

 America, breeding from Alaska southward, east of Eockj- Mountains, 

 nearly to United States boundary ; in winter, south over more northern 

 Great Plains and Great Basin of United States, as far as Kansas, Utah, 

 and Nevada. 



474rt. O. alpestris leucolaema (Cohes). Pallid Homed Lark. 

 «'. Wing averaging less than 4.20 in males, less than 4.00 in females. 



b'. Wing averaging more than 4.10 in males, more than 3.80 in females. 



c". Dark-colored, as in 0. alpestris (but rather paler), with young verj' dark, 

 as in that form. Male: Length about 7.00-7.50, wing 4.00-4.30 

 (4.13), tail 2.90-3.10 (2.99). Female: Length 6.75-G.85, wing 3.70- 

 4.00 (3.84), tail 2.60-2.90 (2.73). Eggs .85 X -62. Jlab. Upper Mis- 

 sissippi Yalioy and region of the Great Lakes (especially within 

 United States), east, locally, to New York; south, in winter, to 

 Virginia and northeastern Texas. 



474/). O. alpestris praticola (IIf.nsii.). Prairie Horned Lark. 

 c'. Palcrcolored, like 0. leurohrma, but with throat usualU" distiiu'liy (scune- 

 tinies strongly) primrose-j-ellow. Young ver}' pale-colored, with 

 prevailing color of u])per parts light grayish buff, or ]iale bufTy gray- 

 ish. Male: Length 7.00-7.50, wing'4.05-4.30 (4.10), tail 2.75-3.15 

 (2.99). Female: Length about 6.50-r..75, wing 3.70-4.00 (3.84). tail 

 2.50-2.80 (2.68). Eggs .86 X -02. Jlab. Great Plains and Kocky 



