383 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



female; in others, tlic general plumage is that of the female, except that the 

 oiivaccous or tawnj- color on head, etc., is replaced by a more reddish tint (varying 

 from light dull orange-red to deep madder-brown).] Nest a rather flat thin struc- 

 ture, of fine rootlets, etc., in coniferous trees. Eggs greenish or bluish, spotted with 

 brown and blackish. 



a}. Smaller (wing not more than 4.30. and averaging less than 4.28), with rclativelv 

 larger bill and shorter tarsi, and colors much duller, the females with 

 l^lumage chiefly olivaceous. 



Length about 8.00-8.50, wing 4.20-4.30 (4.25). tail 3.60-3.70 (3.65), ex- 

 posed culmen .55-.65 (.61), tarsus .80-.90 (.84). Hal. jSTorthern Europe 

 and Asia. 



P. enucleator (Linn.). Pine Grosbeak.' 

 fl*. Larger (wing verj- rarely less than 4.30, and averaging more than 4.40), with 

 relatively smaller bill and longer tar.si, and colors much brighter, the females 

 with plumage usually chiefly grayish. 

 U. Larger, with proportionally much smaller bill and longer tail ; length 8.25- 

 9.00, wing 4.50-5.00 (4.68), tail 3.70-4.45 (4.10), exposed culmen .53-.59 

 (.56), tarsus .87-.92 (.00). Etjgs 1.01 X .7-i, deep greenish blue or bluish 

 green, rather sparingly spotted with dark brown and black. Hab. 

 Northern North America in general, breeding from northern New Eng- 

 land, Labrador, etc., to Alaska (except coast south of the peninsula), and 

 south in higher Eockj' Mountains to Utah and Ctjlorado ; in winter, 

 south to northern United States. 



515. P. enucleator canadensis (Cab.). American Pine Grosbeak.' 



b'. Smaller, with projiortionallj' much larger bill and shorter tail; length about 



8.00-8.50. wing 4.25-4.60 (4.45), tail 3.60-3.80 (3.70), exposed culmen 



.57-.G2 (.60), tarsus .88-.92 (.90). Hah. Kodiak to Sitka, Alaska. (Also 



probably southward to higher Sierra Nevada of California.) 



— . P. enucleator kodiaka Ridow. Kodiak Pine Grosbeak.' 



Genus PYRRHULA Bris.son. (Page 382, pi. CV., fig. 3.) 



Species. 



Adult male: "Whole top of head, with feathers around base of bill, gloss}' blue- 

 black ; hind-neck, back, scapulars, and lesser and middle wing-coverts uniform 

 ash-gi-aj-; rump plain white; upper tail-coverts, tail, and tertials glossy blue-black, 

 inclining to dark violaceous steel-blue ; greater wing-coverts black, very broadly' 

 tipped with light ash-graj-, passing into white terminally ; quills dull blackish ; 



> Lnxia emirlenlor LtX!»., S. N. rA. 10, i. 175S, 171. Pinicola enucleator Cab., Mus. Ucin. i. 1851, 167. 



s Pinicola caim<lc„>i. Cab., Min. Ilcin. i. AuR. 1851, 167. 



' New subspecies. In Cabnnis's Jmrrnnl filr Ornilholor/le, 1.S80, page 156, Von Itomcyor <Ic8cribcs ft Pinicnhi 

 /tammula from "northwestern Anioricn," which niny possibly be this form, though that it is more likely to bo 

 the ordinary Alasltnn bird would appc.ir from the stntcnient thiit the tail is Imii/rr than the ordinary American 

 bird, which is exactly the reverse of the Kodiak bird. It may be, however, that " longer" is an error, or slip 

 of the pen, for " shorter." 



