400 NORTH AMERWAX BIRDS. 



and tail black ; basal portion of primaries, secondaries, and tail- 

 feathers gamboge-yellow ; ujiper parts greenish olive-j-cllow, the 

 back sometimes sjjotted or clouded with dusky; lower parts rich 

 gamboge-yellow. Young: Head olive above and j-ellow beneath, 

 like body ; colors all duller, but pattern of wings and tail same as 

 in adult. Length about 4.50-4.75, wing 2.40-2.70, tail 1.70-2.00, 

 exposed culmen .42-.48. 

 tP. More yellowish olive above and brighter yellow beneath ; black of 

 throat extending back to, and including, upper part of chest. 

 JIab. Highlands of Guatemala and southern Mexico, north to 

 mountains of Vera Cruz and Chihuahua ; accidental in Kentucky. 

 532. S. notatus (Du Bus). Black-headed Goldfinch. 

 (p. More olive-green above, more olivaceons-3-ell()w beneath ; black of 

 throat not extending to chest. Hah. ]\Iountains of Durango. 



S. forreri (Sal v. & Godm.). Forrer's Goldfinch.' 

 c'. Adult : Top of head black ; back, etc., dark olive-green ; lower parts 

 lighter olive-green (sometimes more grajMsh) ; wings and tail black, 

 with terminal half of greater wing-coverts and terminal edges and 

 tips of tertials bright olive-green ; a spot of bright yellow at base 

 of primaries; wing 2.80, tail 1.80-1.90. JIab. Guatemala. 



S. atriceps (S.\LV.). Salvin's Goldfinch.' 



6'. Plumage conspicuouslj' streaked, above and below, the head without any 



black. 



Adult: Above grayish or brownish, below whitish, everywhere 



streaked with dusky; basal portion of secondaries and tail-feathers 



sulphur-yellow. Young: Similar to adult, but with more or less 



of a fulvous suffusion, especiallj* on tips of wing-coverts. Length 



4.50-5.25, wing 2.75-2.90, tail 1.85-1.95. jVest usually a rather flat 



though compact structure of fine twigs, rootlets, hair, plant-fibres, 



etc., lined with fine rootlets and hair. £ggs usually 3 or 4, about 



.62 X -50, pale greenish blue, speckled, chiefly on or round larger 



end, with reddish brown, usually mixed with a few small black 



markings. Hab. Northern I^orth America, breeding from northern 



United States northward, and south in Rockj- Jlountains ; south, in 



winter, to Gulf States and Mexico. 



533. S. pinus (Wils.). Pine Siskin. 



Genus CARDUELIS Brisson.' (Page 383, pi. CV., fig. 4.) 



Species. 

 Adult (sexe.i alike) : Fore-part of head, all round, crimson ; lores, hinder part 

 of crown, occiput, and bar from latter half-way across side of neck, black ; rest of 



1 ChryiomUri* forreri Salv. & GoDU., Biol. Contr.-Am., Avcs, i. Nov. 1886, 429. 



» CAry»omi7n> atricfpn Salv., P. Z. 8. 1863, 100. 



' Carduclii BnissoN, Orn. iii. 1760, 53. Type, FringiUa carduclit LiNH. 



