CALCARIVS. 405 



a white malar stripe, much widest posteriorly; hind-neck and entire 

 lower parts deep ochraceous-buff, the first streaked with dusky; anterior 

 lesser wing-coverts deep black, posterior ones pure white, forming a con- 

 spicuous bar, widest above. Adult male in winter : Black of head entirely 

 replaced by streaked brownish, the throat and chest also more or lesa 

 streaked with duskj-; otherwise much as in summer, but middle and 

 greater wing-coverts distinctly tipped with white. Adult female in su>n- 

 mer : Much like winter male, but smaller, paler, and grayer, without deep 

 black or pure white on lesser wing-coverts ; in winter, similar, but more 

 bully, ^fale .- Length G. 40-6. 50, wing 3.(50-3.70. Female : Length about 

 5.50-6.00, wing 3.45-3.60. Eijjs .83 X -59, similar to those of C. lapponi- 

 cus. but averaging lighter in color, the whitish, distinctly spotted stylo 

 prevailing. Ifab. Interior of Arctic America (chiefly Mackenzie River 

 Valle}-) in summer, breeding north to Arctic coast and upper Yukon 

 Valley; south, in winter, over Great Plains and prairies to Illinois, 



Texa.s, etc 537. C. pictus (Sw-^ins.). Smith's Longspur. 



Wing not more than 3.50; all the tail-feathers (except middle pair) with buf^al 

 portion of inner webs white (outer webs also, except two middle pairs). 

 Adult male in summer: Top of head, stripe behind eye, spot on lower part 

 of ear-coverts, chest, breast, and belly, black, the lower parts sometimes 

 touched with rufous or chestnut; hind-neck deep rufous; broad super- 

 ciliary stripe, chin, and throat white ; cheeks pale buif, this sometimes 

 overspreading lores, ear-coverts, chin, and upper throat ; in full plumage, 

 the lesser wing-coverts deep black, with posterior row pui'e white. 

 Adult male in winter : Black of head and lower pai-ts more or less ob- 

 scured or even concealed by light brownish or dull buflPy tips to the 

 feathers; otherwise, essentiallj' as in summer. Adult female: Above 

 light grayish buffy brown, streaked with dusky; beneath pale graj-ish 

 buffy brown, or dull grayish buff, the breast and belly sometimes 

 streaked with darker ; under tail-coverts dull buffj- whitish. (Plumage 

 softer and colors more blended in winter.) Young: Above dusky, the 

 feathers edged and margined with dull whitish and pale brownish 

 buff; wing-coverts tipped with dull whitish ; an indistinct streaked 

 whitish superciliary stripe ; ear-coverts streaked dusky and pale brown- 

 ish ; malar region, chin, and throat white, flecked, more or less, with 

 grayish dusky ; rest of lower parts dull grayish buff, streaked, especially 

 on breast, with duskj-. Length 5.25-6.50, wing 3.20-3.50. Eggs .75 X 

 .56, dull white, pinkish white, buffy white, or greenish white, distinctly 

 speckled or spotted with various shades of brown and lilackish. Hab. 

 Great Plains, north to the Saskatchewan; south, in winter, to Texas, 

 I^ew Mexico Arizona, and table-lands of Mexico. 



538. C. ornatus (Towxs.). Chestnut-collared Longspur. 



