418 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



rusty or rufous, and the black streaks narrower ; rufous of crown 

 paler and frequently (especially in winter) with distinctly indicated 

 (sometimes broad and continuous) median ashy stripe ; outer webs 

 of greater wing-coverts and tertials paler, more buff'y or ochraceous ; 

 whitish edgings to tail-feathers broader, wings and tail longer, bill 

 rather more slender, etc. ; length alKuit G.00-G.75, wing 2.80-3.15 

 (3.07), tail 2.G5-3.05 (2.85). ^fjgs .78 X .55. Hab. Western North 

 America, breeding in Alaska (and for an undetermined distance 

 southward), wintering in western United States, south to Texas, 

 New Mexico, and Arizona. 



559(/. S. monticola ochracea Brewst. 'Western Tree Sparrow. 

 b'. Wing without two distinct white bands ; lower mandible without yellow ; 

 adult without dusky spot in centi-e of chest. 

 d. Wing decidedly longer than tail. 



(P. Tarsus less than twice as long as culmcn ; a distinct dusky streak 

 behind eye. 

 e^. Colors lighter, the adult with crown deep rufous and lower 

 parts whitish or very pale ashy. Summer adult : Top of 

 head rufous, sometimes with a more or less distinct indica- 

 tion of an ashy median line ; forehead black, divided bj' a 

 white median line; a broad white or pale graj-ish supcr- 

 ciliarj' stripe, bounded below bj- a narrow blackish stripe 

 through eye; ear-coverts and sides of neck ashy; lower 

 parts white or ashj' white, more tinged with ashy on sides ; 

 bill black. Winter adult : Esscntiallj- similar to summer 

 plumage, but colors duller and darker, more or less tinged 

 with brown on lower parts, black on forehead indistinct or 

 obsolete, and rufous of crown usuallj- more or less streaked 

 with dusky; bill cinnamon-brownish. Young: Top of head 

 light brownish, distinctly streaked with blackish ; super- 

 ciliary stripe buffy whitish, narrowly streaked with dusky ; 

 breast, etc., streaked with dusky. JVest in trees or bushes, 

 often about houses, composed of slender grass-stems, etc., 

 and lined with horse-hairs. Eggs 3-5. light greenish blue, 

 speckled, chiefly on larger end, with black and brown. 

 /'. Darker colored, the back dccidedl}- tinged with rusty and 

 more broadly streaked with black, ear-coverts usu- 

 ally deeper gray, more distinct!}- contr.asted with purer 

 white superciliary stripe and throat, the wings and tail 

 averaging decidedly shorter ; length 5.00-5.85, wing 

 2 55-2.90 (2.75). tail 2.20-2.00 (2.37). Eggs .69 X -SO. 

 Jfab. Eastern North America, north in the interior 

 to Great Slave Lake, west to Great Plains ; wintering 

 from about 40° southward. 



5G0. S. socialis (WiLs.). Chipping^ Sparrow. 



