PIPJLO. 437 



■with wing-coverts much more distinctly tipped 

 with white or bufiy. Length 8.00-8.75, wing 3.30- 

 3.50 (3.43). tail 3.90-t.25 (4.07), exposed culmen 

 .49-.54 (.52), tarsus 1.03-1.10 (1.08). Eijrjs .94 X 

 .70. Hab. Great Plains, north to the Saskatche- 

 wan, south (in winter only?) to Texas, east to 

 Indian Territory, Kansas, Nebraska, etc., west to 



base of Eock}- Mountains 5S8. P. maculatus 



arcticus Swains. Arctic Towliee. 

 g^. Darker, with white markings more restricted, and 

 rufous of sides, etc., deeper; white edgings of 

 primaries never developed into a basal patch ; 

 white space on outer tail-feather occupj-ing not 

 more (usually less) than tei'minal exposed half 

 (1.10-1.35 long). Adult female with head, neck, 

 chest, rump, etc., dusky grayish brown. Young 

 hardly distinguishable from coi'responding stage 

 of P. arcticus. Length 8 50-8.90, wing 3.40-3.GO 

 (3.52), tail 4.00-4.40^ (•1-25), exposed culmen .50- 

 .59 (.53), tarsus 1.03-1.12 (1.09). IJggs .95 X -68. 

 Hab. Eocky Mountains and west to interior of 

 California, north to eastern Washington Territory, 

 etc., south to northern Mexico and Lower Cali- 

 fornia.. 588rt. P. maculatus megalonyx (B.vird). 



Spurred Towhee. 

 e*. "White streaks on back obsolete or concealed, except on outei-- 

 most interscapulars, and other white markings much re- 

 stricted; white at tips of wing-coverts reduced to small 

 roundish spots, that on edges of quills and tertials very in- 

 conspicuous — sometimes quite obsolete — that on outer tail- 

 feathers less than 1.00 in length ; adult ft7nnles with gen- 

 eral color of bead, neck, chest, and upper parts dark sooty 

 brown or dusky se^^ia. (Rufous of sides, etc., also decidedly 

 deeper.) 

 /'. Larger, the wing averaging more than 3.30, tail averaging 

 more than 3.80; length 8.00-8.60, wing 3.25-3.45 (3.35), 

 tail 3.60-4.10 (3.90), exposed culmen .52-.58 (.54), tar- 

 sus 1.07-1.13 (1.10). Egg.? .94 X -70. Hab. Pacific 

 coast, from California to British Columbia.... 5886. P. 

 maculatus oregonus (Bell). Oregon Towhee. 

 /'. Smaller, the wing averaging less tbuii 3.10, tail averaging 

 less than 3.60 ; length about 6.50-7.50, wing 2.90-3.25 

 (3.06), tail 3.25-3.80 (3.56), t.irsus 1.00-1.10 (1.06). 

 Hab. Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 



589. P. consobrinus Kidow. Guadalupe Towhee. 



