CARDiy.lLIS. 441 



buffy, under tail-covorts ilcep tawny, and upper parts 

 deeper brownish gray, or graj'isb brown. 



Light or tawny cinnamon-ochraceous of throat usually 

 spotted or flecked with dusky ; top of head browner 

 than back, but not rufescent. Young: Above similar 

 to adult, but browner, the middle and greater wing- 

 coverts edged anil tipped with isabella-color ; beneath 

 dull light buffy, changing to dull lawn^- buff posteriori}- 

 and on throat, and to dull grayish brown along sides, 

 the entire fore-neck, chest, breast, etc., streaked with 

 grayish dusky. Length 8.50-9.00, wing 3.70-4.00 

 (3.87), tail 4.40-4.75 (4.53), exposed culmcn .55-.62 

 (.57), tarsus 1.10-1.16 (1.13). Eijgs .99 X -61, colored 

 like those of P. albigula. Hab. California. 

 (73.) 5916. P. fuscus crissalis (Vig.). Californian Towhee. 



c'. Lores and chin dusky; lower iliroat and chest plain light buffy cinna- 

 mon, or fawn-color. 



Above plain grayish brown, becoming more decidedly brown on 

 top of head ; quills edged with grayish ; lower parts nearlj' 

 uniform light fawu-color, paler on belly and changing to cinna- 

 mon-tawny on under tail-coverts ; length 8.50-9.00, wing 3.40- 

 3.90, tail 4.75-5.00. Eggs .99 X -70, pale greenish blue or 

 bluish white, speckled and scratched on or round larger end 

 with dark brown, sometimes mixed with madder-brown. Hah. 

 New Mexico and Arizona, north into southern Utah and Colo- 

 rado 592. P. aberti Baird. Abert's Towhee. 



Genus CARDINALIS Bonaparte. (Page 382, pi. CXIL, fig. 1.) 



Species. 



Common Characters. — Adult males bright vci-milion-red, darker on upper 

 parts ; feathers round base of bill black (restricted to chin in C. phoeniceus). Adult 

 females brownish above, ]>ale tawny or buffy beneath, the crest, wings, and tail dull 

 reddish. Young much like adult female, but colors duller, the bill blackish. JVest 

 a rather frail structure of fine rootlets, strips of grape-vine bark, etc., in bushes, 

 brambles, grape-vines, or low trees. Eggs 2-4, white, greenish white, or brownish 

 white, spotted or speckled with various shades of brown and lilac-gray. 



rt". Culmen nearly straight to near tip, where gcntlj- curved ; upper mandible about 

 as deep as the lower, its edge slightlj- lobed anterior to the slight angle, 

 without grooves; color of bill bright vermilionred in life; feathers all round 

 base of bill black, the throat also black. Adult females with under wing- 

 coverts pinkish red. 

 6'. Feathers of crest soft, blended ; male with crest brownish red or deep ver- 



5C 



