SETOPUAGA. 529 



Genus SETOPHAGA Swainson. (Pago 483, pi. CVIII., figs. 1, 2.) 

 Species. 



Common Characters. — Adult males (somolimcs females also) with plumage 

 mainly red and black, or rod and plumbeous. 



rt". Bell}- white; basal portion of secondaries and quills and basal half (or more) ol 

 tail-feathers (except middle), light salmon-red or orange-red in adult male, 

 yellow in female and young male ; sexes very unlike in coloration. 



Adult male : Uniform glossy black, relieved by light red basal portion of 

 secondaries, quills, and tail-feathers, and sides of breast with a patch 

 of the same (varying from rich orange-red to salmon-pink and orano-e- 

 yellow) ; belly and lower tail-coverts white, the latter usually with 

 blackish central spots. Adult female : Pattern of coloration as in male 

 but black replaced above bj- grayish olive, and on throat, etc., by grajish 

 white; wing- and tail-markings and patches on sides of breast j-ellow. 

 Young male: Similar to adult female, but browner above, the colored 

 areas usually inclining more to orange or salmon-color; after first win- 

 ter, the plumage interspersed with glossy black feathers. Length 4.75- 

 5.75, wing 2.40-2.55, tail 2.30-2.45. JVest cup-shaped, compact, of plant- 

 fibres, spiders' webs, etc., usually saddled upon horizontal branch or in 

 fork, 7-30 feet from ground. Eggs 3-5, .63 X -48, white, greenish white, 

 or grayish white, speckled or spotted, chiefly round larger end, with 

 brown and lilac. Ilab. Eastern North America, west to, and including, 

 Rocky Mountains, north to British Columbia and Fort Simpson ; in winter, 

 AVest Indies, eastern Mexico, Central America, and south to Ecuador; 

 accidental in California... 6S7. S. ruticilla (Linn.). American Redstart, 

 rt'. Belly red (in both sexes); wings and tail without red or yellow nuirkin^-s but 

 outer feathers of latter white; sexes alike in coloration. 

 6'. Adult: Head, neck, chest, sides, and upper parts glossy blue-black, the 

 wing with a large white patch, covering greater and middle coverts 

 and edges of tertials ; no chestnut or rufous on top of head ; breast and 

 belly rich carmine-red; lower eyelid and under tail-coverts pure white. 

 Young: Above dull black, with white markings as in adult; beneath 

 dull grayish dusk}-, sometimes of a more sooty cast, the breast and bellv 

 without any red. Length about 5.00-5.50, wing 2.70-2.82, tail 2.35- 

 2.78. 

 c'. Third tail-feather with greater part of its outer wol> and a large portion 

 of inner web (at end) white. N'est placed within cavities in banks, 

 among rocks, etc. Eggs 3-4, .65 X -48, white, finely speckled with 

 reddish brown and lilac. Hab. Highlands of Mexico, north to 

 southern Arizona and New Mexico (and Texas?). 



688. S. picta Swains. Painted Redstart, 

 c*. Third tail-feather with outer web entirely black, and inner web with 

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