MOTACILLA. 533 



black, with a strongly convex posterior outline; forehead, superciliary re- 

 gion, and sides of head pure white, some species having a black streak 

 through eye ; crown and occiput, sometimes hind-neck also, and in ono 

 species the entire back, deep black ; bill entirely deep black. Adults in 

 icintcr : Differing from summer plumage in having at least the upper por- 

 tion, sometimes all, of throat white ; in gray-backed species the gray some- 

 what tinged with brownish, in bhick-baeked species the black of back re- 

 placed by ash-gray. Young in first winter : Much duller in color than adults, 

 with gray of a browner tint, black on top of head wanting or merelj- indi- 

 cated, black below confined to a narrow crescent on chest, with sometimes 

 a cluster or series of black spots extending upward from each extremity 

 of the crescent along sides of lower throat; white of head more or less 

 tinged with j-cllow. Young: Above dull brownish gray, including whole 

 top of head, the latter usually with a blackish or dusky suffusion along 

 each side of crown ; white of wings much reduced in extent, much less 

 pure, or sometimes even replaced by light brownish gray; chin and throat 

 dull gra3-ish white bordered posterioi'ly b}' a rather poorly defined dusky 

 crescent across chest ; sides of breast dull brownish gray; remaining lower 

 parts dull white, purer posterioi'ly.) 

 6". Without a black or dusky streak through eye ; adults with wing-coverts 

 tipped with grayish white, forming two bands across wing. 



Back, scapulars, and rump always gray; length about 6.50-7..30, wing 

 3.25-3.55, tail 3.50-3.80; bill very slender. Eggs .78 X -60, white or 

 grayish white, thickly speckled with grayish brown or dark brown. 

 Hub. Europe and northern Asia, wintering iu northeastern Africa 

 and southern Asia ; accidental in Greenland. 



OM. M. alba (Linn.). White "Wagtail. 

 v. With a distinct black or dusky streak through eye (except in first plumage) ; 

 adults with exposed surface of middle and grea,tcr wing-coverts entirely 

 white, forming a large patch on wing. 

 c". Hind-neck, back, scapulars, and rump always gray; adult with inner 

 webs of quills chiefly dusky graj- ; length about 6.75-7.50, wing 

 3.50-3.60, tail 3.50-4.00, exposed culmen .45-.50. Hnh. Xortheastern 

 Siberia in summer; south, in winter, through Transliaikal and China 

 to Burmah ; occasional in Kamtschatka ; accidental in Lower Cali- 

 fornia (and Aleutian Islands?). 



C05. M. ocularis Swinii. Swinhoe's Wagtail. 

 c'. nind-neck always black in adults, the entire back, scapulars, lesser 

 wing-coverts, and rump deep black in fully adult male; adult female 

 and winter male with back ash-gray (more bluish than in AT. ocularis), 

 or gray clouded with black ; adults with inner webs of quills pure 

 white except at tips, ami white on outer surface of wings much 

 more extensive and continuous than in AF. ocularis ; larger than Jf. 

 ocularis; length about 7.00-7.75, wing 3.50-3.95, tail 3.70-4.20. ex- 

 posed culmen .50-.55. Ilab. Kamtschatka, Amurland, Kurils. and 



