36 
transform to pup, and were killed in that state by the parasite. In 
one case he found a Microgaster pupa which had been destroyed by the 
pupa of a Pteromalid, from which a tertiary parasite, which he consid- 
ers possibly to have been this species, had emerged. The development 
of the hyperparasite he found to occur rather late, for on the 18th of 
December he had living pup and adults and even one living larva, 
although the gypsy-moth larve had been killed as far back as the 
month of July by the Microgasters. In his second volume, pages 
189-190, he states that he bred this species in 1847 from Microgaster 
eocoons from Bombyx salicis, and at the same time from hanging 
cocoons such as Perilitus spins. From neither of these kinds of cocoons 
did he obtain the true maker, but only this parasite, together with two 
other secondary species. In his third volume, pages 231-232, he men- 
tions an instance, on the authority of Tischbein, in which this species 
was probably a tertiary parasite, destroying Hemiteles socialis, which 
itself was parasitic in Microgaster cocoons. 
Brischke records the rearing of this species from Microgaster glome- 
ratus, M. fulvipes, and Meteorus unicolor. 
Mr. Ashmead, in the course of his careful studies of the Pteromaline 
of the United States, has decided that Fitch’s Cleonymus clisiocampa, 
reared from the chrysalis of Clisiocampa americana and stated by Fitch 
(erroneously, if Mr. Ashmead’s determination be correct) to be a primary 
parasite of this species, is identical with this European species. 
It has been reared as a hyperparasite from several insects at this 
office. It is recorded among the hyperparasites of Hyphantria cunea, 
under the name of Pteromalus sp., in the revised edition of Bulletin 
No. 10 of this Division as parasitic upon Apanteles hyphantric, Meteorus 
hyphantrie, and Limneria pallipes (= valida). 
In the observations upon the parasites of the tussock moth this species 
was by far the most abundant of the Chalcidids reared. It is parasitic 
upon Pimpla inquisitor, upon both of the species of Apanteles, upon both 
species of Meteorus, and probably also upon Limneria valida when 
affecting this host. It was first reared August 30, 1895, from one of the 
isolated cocoons of Pimpla inquisitor, and in the course of the ensuing 
year hundreds of specimens were reared. Nearly 400 were counted, 
but many more issued. The mere labor of counting the specimens on 
some days of abundant issuing from the mass of Orgyia cocoons placed 
in the breeding cages was too great to be undertaken. From August 
30 to November 6 a number of specimens issued nearly every day. The 
most abundant periods of issuing were about the 1st of September, the 
last of October, and the 1st of November. None were reared during 
the winter of 1895-96, but they began issuing again from overwintered 
cocoons on March 31 and continued until the end of June, beginning 
again toward the end of July and issuing at intervals through the rest 
of the season. The number issuing from a single specimen of the host 
seems to depend entirely on the size of the host. 
