22 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 



on the 25th of the same month ; the others died before the pupal stage 

 was reached. I have noted that larvae of various species of ta))anids 

 taken from their natural habitats during the winter did not produce 

 adults in spring much before the same species appeared naturally, but 

 in this case, where the specimen was kept under artificial conditions 

 during its entire life, the adult appeared almost two months earlier 

 than is normal in nature. 



The mature larva (fig. 1, e) is not notably different from those of other species of 

 Tabanus so far as form and appearance are concerned. The color is a dirty white 

 with a pinkish shade over most of the body; the prolegs are not so prominent as in 

 many species, and on this account specimens appear somewhat maggot-like. On 

 either side of the body is a longitudinal row of very small black spots or specks, one 

 to each segment and located just above the ventral prolegs; these spots are lacking 

 on some of the anterior and some of the posterior segments; their jiresence appears 

 to be characteristic of the species, at least so far as ray acquaintance with different 

 larvae goes. Mature specimens are about 25 mm. in length. 



1 have not taken the larva of this species in its natural habitat, there- 

 fore can not sa}^ anything as to where it is to be found, but suspect it 

 lives in debris, or in the ground around low places near where the 

 eggs are laid. 



The pupa (fig. 1, c) is somewhat dusky in coloration, the thorax being almost 

 black. The terminal teeth of the abdomen (fig. 1, d) are quite different from those 

 of any species studied so far, and these differences alone make its determination 

 easy. The dorsal and lateral teeth are much larger than the ventral, the lateral 

 being much larger than any of the others; the ventral teeth point almost directly 

 backward, while the direction of the others is largely upward. The thoracic spiracle 

 is rather small and nearly longitudinal, its rima is curved, but no distinct hook is 

 formed at the posterior end. Length, 18 mm. 



The adult (fig. 1, a, b) measures from 13 to 15 mm. Eyes pilose, ocelligerous 

 tubercle present, wings hyaline, cross-veins and furcation of the third vein margined 

 with brown, abdomen broadly red on the sides; female subcallus denuded and shin- 

 ing black, frontal callosity also shining black, as wide as the front and separated 

 from a denuded spot above by a pollinose interval, front slightly widened above; 

 male subcallus not denuded, eyes very plainly pilose, head about equal in size to 

 that of the female. 



THE AUTUMN HORSEFLY. 



( Tabanus sulcifrons Macquart. ) 



This is one of the common species of its family over a wide range. 

 It is not so generall}^ distributed as some of the other species, but 

 where it occurs is apt lo be abundant and very injurious to all kinds 

 of stock. I have studied the species in several localities, but most of 

 ni}^ knowledge of its habits was gained in Summit and Medina 

 counties, Ohio, where it is a pest of the first magnitude. This coun- 

 try, where the ground is highest, has an elevation of 1,000 to 1,200 

 feet, and is more or less broken b}^ gullies crossing here and there, 

 and throuo-h each flows a stream of clear water of larger or smaller 



