28 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 



Although the eg'gs have been procured in man\^ stag-es of development 

 by dissecting the females, the habits of oviposition have not been 

 observed. The form of the eggs and the number produced by a single 

 female are as in other species of its size. Specimens containing eggs 

 almost fully developed were taken in various places, but I could not 

 get any clue as to where oviposition occurred by dissecting the females 

 where thev were collected, as I had hoped to do; therefore all that can 

 be said at this time is, we hope to be able to obtain full information on 

 the life history of the autumn horsefi}^ in the future. 



The pupa case (fig. 2, d) of the species was procured by locating a 

 female which had just emerged. The place where this pupa case was 

 taken is on a side hill, about 75 feet above the bed of a small stream. 

 The description follows: 



Length 26 mm., diameter 6 mm. Color yellowish brown, the thorax being nearly 

 the same color as the abdomen. Tubercles of the head region well marked and dis- 

 tinctly darker than the surrounding paits. Prothoracic spiracular tubercle brown 

 in color, elevated, narrow, ventral half oblique, dorsal half turned directly forward, 

 thus forming a distinct bend near the middle of the length; rima nearly straight 

 from outer end to the middle and evenly curved for the remainder of its length, 

 inner tip curved backward, thus forming a well-defined hook. First abdominal 

 spiracle nearly round; its rima following the posterior curvature, very narrow, but a 

 little widened above; remaining abdominal spiracles a little smaller than the first 

 one, each with a short, slightly curved or straight rima. Terminal abdominal seg- 

 ment with several small spines near the middle of its length and six larger spines at 

 its apex (fig. 2, c). These spines are all brown in color, with the apex of each 

 approaching black. Six apical spines of nearly the same size; the dorsal pair point 

 upward, outward, and slightly backward, the lateral one on each side outward and 

 backward, while the ventral pair extend almost directly backward. These six spines 

 mark the corners of a hexagon with nearly equal sides, but the ventral pair are a 

 little nearer together than the dorsal pair. 



THE BLACK AND WHITE HORSEFLY. 



( TubarMS Mi/ghn:i S^y-) 



This horsefl}' is very common in the vicinity of the Lake Labora- 

 tory, at Sandusky, Ohio, where most of my observations on the 

 species were made. The adults appear about the 1st of July each 

 season, and are on the wing for several weeks thereafter. The 

 females were often observed biting cattle and horses, and are known 

 to be important stock pests. The males were often seen in the 

 marshes, on grasses infested by aphides, and it is known that this 

 sex, and occasionally the females also, feed on honeydew which these 

 insects excrete. The species oviposits principally on the leaves of 

 Sagittaria standing in shallow water, habitually placing the eggs just 

 above the point where the petiole meets the expanded part of the 

 leaf (fig. 4). The precision with which this habit is followed becomes 

 a matter of much interest. Out of hundreds of masses of eggs 



