24 THE BACTERIA OF THE APIARY. 



Litmus milk. — Reaction strongly acid. Coagulation occ'urs in about six days. 



Gelatin. — White, splierical colonies appear along the line of inoculation. The 

 surface growth is grayish blue and spreading, with irregular margin. Slow 

 liquefaction takes place, beginning usually in 2 weeks. 



Acid agar. — A growth takes place. 



Indol. — None could be demonstrated. 



Nitrates. — No reduction to nitrites occurs. , 



Bacterium mycoides. 



Occurrence. — Isolated from the intestine of a healthy honey bee. 



Gelatin colonies, — A rapid growth of root-like colonies appears in 24 hours. 

 In macroscopic appearance it somewhat resembles cotton fibers ; when magni- 

 fied these appear thick and somewhat felted in the cehter, while toward the 

 margin they are beautifully filamentous. After a day or two the gelatin begins 

 to liquefy. 



' Morpholoffi/. — The rods are large, scarcely rounded at the ends, and frequently 

 in chains. They measure from 2.5/i to 5.5fi long and 1.5/x thick. No flagella 

 have been demonstrated. 



Motility. — No motility could be demonstrated. 



Spores. — Spores are present. 



Grain's stain. — The bacteria are not decolorized by Gram's stain. 



Oxygen requirements. — Facultatively anaerobic. 



Bouillon. — A decided fleecy gi'owth with heavy, cotton-like sediment occurs. 



Glucose. — No gas is formed. Reaction acid. 



Lactose. — Reaction acid. 



Saccharose. — Reaction acid. 



Levulose. — Reaction acid. 



Maltose. — Reaction acid. 



Mannite. — Reaction acid. 



Potato water. — Reaction alkaline. 



Agar slant. — A luxuriant growth that appears root-like takes place on this 

 medium. This growth tends to extend into the agar, which causes it to adhere 

 to the medium. 



Serum. — A luxuriant growth is formed, accompanied by liquefaction. 

 ■ Potato. — A thick, gray, moist growth is found, the potato not being discolored. 



Milk. — Coagulation occurs promptly, with formation of a clear serum. 



Litmus milk. — The color is discharged in 48 hours. 



Gelatin. — Hair-like outgrowths occur along the line of inoculation. Lique- 

 faction begins at the surface and proceeds along the needle tract. In a few days 

 the entire medium is liquefied. 



Indol. — No indol is produced. 



Nitrates. — Reduction to nitrites is positive. 



Pseudomonas fluorescens liquefaciens. 



Occurrence. — Isolated from the intestine of the healthy honey bee. 



Gelatin colonies. — Before liquefaction, the superficial colonies, when magni- 

 fied, are finely granular, with regular margin ; deep colonies are spherical, 

 brown, with regular margin. Liquefaction takes place rapidly. The surface 

 of liquefied gelatin is covered by a friable membrane. Later the liquefied gela- 

 tin takes on a green fluorescence. 



Morpliology. — The bacteria are short rods, varying from l/x to 2/i in length 

 and from 0.5m to 0.7/t in thickness. They stain uniformly with carbol-fuchsin 

 and are motile by means of one or more polar flagella. 



