Bufonidse 



Striped with dull brown or black. A prominent light vertebral 

 streak and spots margined with light. (See Figs. 77, 78, 80, and 

 84.) Spots^unusually distinct, and seldom deviating from a typical 

 arrangement. This arrangement is as follows: six pairs along the 

 vertebral streak — first pair, elongated spots placed obliquely on 

 the eyelids and top of the head; second pair, rounded and small, 

 between the anterior ends of the parotoids; third pair, greatly 

 elongated, more or less pear-shaped, situated on the anterior 

 part of the back; fourth, fifth, and sixth pairs irregular, the 

 last often obscure. There is an irregular band of light colour on 

 the side bounded below by dark. Between the anterior part of 

 the eye and the jaw there is a dark band, and back of this, ex- 

 tending from the eye and lower border of the parotoid, there are 

 three or four dark bands, more or less parallel to this one. The 

 warts situated on the dark spots are usually lighter or brighter 

 than the spots. Iris bright metallic yellow, with tracery of 

 black veining. Throat of male black. Throat of female light, 

 with perhaps a few spots on the jaw. Underparts light, un- 

 spotted. (See Figs. 75 and 79.) There may be much yellow 

 reticulated with black on the posterior lower sides and on the 

 anterior and posterior faces of the femur. 



Measurements: Size medium, i. e. male 2J inches, female 

 slightly larger. Head relatively short; length of head contained 

 in total length about four times. Legs relatively long, i. e. length 

 of leg to heel equals length of body forward to some point anterior 

 to the eye in the female and to the muzzle or beyond in the male. 

 Tibia longer than femur. 



Structure: Skin everywhere finely warty on the upper parts. 

 Groups of somewhat larger warts on the^^dark spots of the back. 

 (See Fig. 84 and Colour Plate IV.) Underparts granulated. Paro- 

 toids long, narrow, parallel ovals. (Fig. 84.) The top of the head 

 may be higher than the neck region behind. The two bony crests 

 of the top of the head are variable in their characteristics. They 

 are usually near each other, considerably elevated, parallel, and 

 grown together at their posterior ends. Conspicuous ridges 

 behind the eyes meet these parallel ridges at right angles. Ear a 

 vertical oval, two-thirds the size of the eye. The muzzle projects 

 beyond the upper lip. The nostrils, which open upward, are sit- 

 uated half-way between the eye and the jaw on a vertical line with 

 the upper lip. Ungers slender, prominent tubercles under 



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