18 REPORT OF SEARCH FOR ENEMIES OF CITRUS WHITE FLY. 



examination of material in Calcutta corroborated Prof. Quaintance's 

 determination that the citrus white fly occurs in India. Moreover, 

 infested orange leaves from a place in the northwest called Kulu were 

 also found in the museum, and this gave the writer a definite locality 

 for the white fly in India. Kulu is such a difficult place to reach that 

 it was decided to visit first other more available localities in the 

 northern part of the Empire. 



During his stay in Calcutta the writer interviewed all available 

 authorities who had acquaintance with agricultural conditions in 

 different parts of that country, but little definite information rela- 

 tive to the distribution of citrus fruit trees was secured. It must be 

 considered that agriculture in India is for the most part in a very 

 Drimitive condition. Commercial orange growing, as we know it in 

 America, does not exist, but the production of fruit is confuied 

 almost exclusively to individual or smaU patches of trees in yards 

 and native gardens, both on the plains and in the hills or lower 

 elevations of the mountains. (See PI. IV.) In the latter places they 

 are sometimes grown among the trees of the forest. However, occa- 

 sionaUy one sees larger plantings which in extreme instances might 

 reach 5 or even 10 acres in size. 



The Botanical Gardens. 



The greatest aid to the writer in his searches for citrus fruit trees 

 were the Government botanical gardens which are situated in differ- 

 ent parts of the Empire. (See PI. V.) The more important of 

 these gardens have European directors — men usually familiar with 

 agricultural conditions in their respective provinces. Then, too, 

 m.ost of these gardens contain a large variety of fruit trees. The 

 largest and oldest one is situated near Calcutta. From interviews 

 with the authorities at this garden the writer learned that the oldest 

 garden in Upper India was situated at Saharanpur and also that 

 citrus trees are grown to some extent in this locality. 



For this reason, as well as because this would be the most feasible 

 place in which to secure information relative to the distribution of 

 citrus trees in northern India, the AVTiter proceeded to Saharanpur in 

 the latter part of October, 1910. This was a most fortunate move, 

 for in Mr. A. C. Hartless, the superintendent of the Saharanpur Bo- 

 tanical Garden, was found a most capable botanist, whose familiarity 

 with the conditions in India and wide acquamtance with botanists 

 and horticulturists, acquired during 25 years of continuous service in 

 different parts, opened to the Avriter a source of information pertain- 

 ing to this problem the equal of which was available in no other one 

 place. 



A large number of citrus trees of many varieties are grown in this 

 garden. Orange, linio, and grapefruit are also scattered throughout 

 the immediately surrounding region. 



