TRANSPORTING ENEMIES OF WHITE FLY TO UNITED STATES. 37 



orange trees infested with larvae of the white fiy. By October 13 

 the coccinelHd larvse were in large number and a week later adults 

 had become numerous. 



This coccinellid feeds upon the eggs and larvae of the white fly. A 

 few cases have been noted in which pupae were attacked. They do 

 splendid work when the proper food is in abundance. The most 

 extreme instance of efficient performance by this lady-beetle was 

 observed on some young potted orange trees severely infested with the 

 white fly in the larval condition. About thirty of these trees were 

 grouped closely together in the shade of a large overhanging tree in the 

 Lahore Botanical Garden in order to secure infestation with parasites. 

 Within a period of 10 days these trees had become inhabited by so 

 many lady-beetle larvae that the white flies were largely destroyed and 

 the trees were rendered useless for the writer's purpose. This insect 

 has been collected by the writer in the Eastern United Provinces 

 and the Punjab. 



Preparation of Beneficial Insects for Shipment. 



The coming of the rains during the latter part of August, which 

 resulted in the emergence of the fall brood of the citrus white fly and 

 subsequent infestation of the young potted trees, marked the begm- 

 ning of a period of steady progress toward successful accomplishment 

 of our endeavors in India. Closely following the hatching of the first 

 white-fly eggs numerous specimens of Prospaltella Idhorensis could be 

 seen walking around on the leaves of the infested young trees. By the 

 middle of October it was evident that many aleyrodid larv83 had been 

 parasitized. Fortunately large numbers of the coccinellid Cryp- 

 tognatha jlavescens had appeared simultaneously with the internal 

 parasite. 



Believing it to be the ideal time for preparing the shipment, five 

 cases were packed on October 18 with aleyrodid-infested trees. Each 

 of the cases contamed between 10 and 20 trees. Three cases were 

 filled with material parasitized by Prospaltella, while each of the other 

 two cases contained about 150 specimens of the lady-beetle Cryp- 

 tognatha. The lady-beetles were in both the larval and adult stages. 



Transporting the Natural Enemies of the Citrus White Fly 

 from India to the United States. 



On October 20, 1911, the five cases of natural enemies of the white 

 fly, together with a sixth case, which contained several valuable 

 varieties of citrus fruit trees native to that country, were placed 

 aboard a train at Lahore and started on their long journey to America. 

 (Plate X.) At Bombay the shipment was placed aboard a vessel 

 bound for Europe. As there are no through steamers between 

 Bombay and New York, it was necessary to transship to other vessels 



